<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982</id><updated>2012-02-16T19:02:51.397-08:00</updated><category term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><category term='Kuliah'/><category term='other'/><category term='Jaringan Komputer Lanjut'/><category term='Tugas Kecerdasan Buatan'/><category term='Olahraga'/><category term='Teknologi'/><title type='text'>wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com</title><subtitle type='html'>The Information Blogger</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>26</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-504008985996324604</id><published>2010-04-03T20:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-04-03T20:25:16.638-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tugas Kecerdasan Buatan'/><title type='text'>Tugas Pengantar Kecerdasan Buatan - Tugas 3</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: 'Century gothic'; font-size: 13px; "&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Jalur (track) : Stasiun Senen Jakarta.&lt;br /&gt;Role (peran) : penumpang, masinis, petugas stasiun.&lt;br /&gt;Properti (pendukung) : tiket kereta api, tas, barang bawaan, dan lain-lain.&lt;br /&gt;Kondisi input : penumpang terdaftar dalam keberangkatan ke Bandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scene 1 : Kedatangan penumpang ke stasiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang berangkat dari rumah masing-masing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang menaiki bus, taksi atau kendraan pribadi ke stasiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang sampai di stasiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Scene 2 : Pemeriksaan penumpang.&lt;a name="more" style="color: rgb(77, 93, 0); "&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang melapor kepada petugas stasiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Petugas stasiun memeriksa tiket penumpang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Scene 3 : Penumpang menunggu keberangkatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Petugas stasiun menginformasikan waktu kedatangan kereta kepada penumpang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang memasuki ruang tunggu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang duduk sambil menunggu waktu untuk memasuki kereta api.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Scene 4 : Penumpang memasuki kereta api.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang menuju tempat duduk yang telah ditentukan di dalam tiket.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang meletakkan tas ke dalam ruang bagasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang duduk di tempat duduk yang telah ditentukan di dalam tiket.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Petugas kereta api memeriksa tiket penumpang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Petugas stasiun memberitahukan masinis untuk memberangkatkan kereta api..&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;Scene 6 : Kereta api sampai di Bandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;petugas menyampaikan kepada penumpang bahwa kereta telah sampai di tujuan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang berdiri dari tempat duduk dan mengambil tas dari ruang bagasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang antri keluar dari kereta api.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang turun dari kereta api, kemudian menuju ke pintu keluar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Hasil :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; "&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang keluar dari stasiun dengan hati yang senang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang kelelahan selama perjalanan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang mengalami pusing kepala.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang mencari toilet sebelum keluar dari stasiun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; "&gt;Penumpang menunggu taksi atau bus untuk pergi ke tujuan masing-masing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-504008985996324604?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/504008985996324604/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/04/tugas-pengantar-kecerdasan-buatan-tugas.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/504008985996324604'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/504008985996324604'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/04/tugas-pengantar-kecerdasan-buatan-tugas.html' title='Tugas Pengantar Kecerdasan Buatan - Tugas 3'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-8642964685386635041</id><published>2010-03-29T00:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-29T01:01:27.975-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tugas Kecerdasan Buatan'/><title type='text'>TUGAS 2 PENGANTAR KECERDASAN BUATAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;TUGAS PENGANTAR KECERDASAN BUATAN&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;DIAGRAM SEMANTIK&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;1. Wisnu merupakan mahasiswa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;2. wisnu kuliah di gunadarma&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;3. Adi dan Wisnu berteman&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;4. Adi merupakan mahasiswa &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;5. Adi kuliah di gunadarma&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;6. Adi membaca buku sejarah teknik mesin di perpustakaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;7. Wisnu meminjam buku sejarah komputer dan teknologi komputer di perpustakaan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;8. perpustakaan milik gunadarma&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;9. buku teknologi komputer dan sejarah komputer merupakan jenis judul buku.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;10. buku sejarah teknik mesin merupakan jenis judul buku.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE" style="mso-ansi-language:DE"&gt;11. berbagai jenis buku terdapat di perpustakaan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE" style="mso-ansi-language:DE"&gt;12. yang berhak meminjam buku di perpustakaan harus mahasiswa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE" style="mso-ansi-language:DE"&gt;13. mahasiswa harus mempunyai KTM.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="DE" style="mso-ansi-language:DE"&gt;14. Wisnu mengambil jurusan T.Informatika.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;15. Adi mengambil jurusan T.Mesin.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;16. T. Informatika meruapakan bagian dari fakultas T.Industri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;17. T. Mesin meruapakan bagian dari fakultas T.Industri.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;18. Wisnu sedang kuliah di Kampus J.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;19. Adi sedang kuliah di Kampus D.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;20. Kampus J merupakan bagian dari Gunadarma&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;21. Kampus D merupakan bagian dari Gunadarma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); "&gt;&lt;img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/S7Bd9G7BewI/AAAAAAAAABw/gLjJPip14Qo/s320/gambar.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5453962453157247746" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 142px; " /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-8642964685386635041?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/8642964685386635041/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/tugas-2-pengantar-kecerdasan-buatan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8642964685386635041'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8642964685386635041'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/tugas-2-pengantar-kecerdasan-buatan.html' title='TUGAS 2 PENGANTAR KECERDASAN BUATAN'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/S7Bd9G7BewI/AAAAAAAAABw/gLjJPip14Qo/s72-c/gambar.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-4441181726973794231</id><published>2010-03-14T22:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-03-14T22:13:19.743-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Tugas Kecerdasan Buatan'/><title type='text'>Tugas kecerdasan I</title><content type='html'>Tugas Pengantar Kecerdasan Buatan :&lt;br /&gt;1.&lt;br /&gt;A. Ubahlah pernyataan berikut dalam bentuk representasi logika proposisi dan predikat&lt;br /&gt;       1.     Karjo adalah seorang laki-laki&lt;br /&gt;       2. Karjo adalah orang Jawa&lt;br /&gt;       3. Karjo lahir pada tahun 1840&lt;br /&gt;       4. Setiap laki-laki pasti akan mati&lt;br /&gt;       5. Semua orang Jawa mati pada saat Krakatau meletus tahun 1883&lt;br /&gt;       6. Setiap orang pasti mati setelah hidup lebih dari 150 tahun&lt;br /&gt;       7. Sekarang tahun 2010&lt;br /&gt;       8. Mati berarti tidak hidup&lt;br /&gt;       9. Jika seseorang mati, maka beberapa waktu kemudian dia pasti dianggap mati&lt;br /&gt;B.  Apakah Karjo masih hidup sekarang dengan metode Backward ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jawaban:&lt;br /&gt;A.&lt;br /&gt;       1. Laki-laki(Karjo)&lt;br /&gt;       2. Jawa(Karjo)&lt;br /&gt;       3. Lahir(Karjo,1840)&lt;br /&gt;       4. ∀x : laki-laki(x) → pastimati(x)&lt;br /&gt;       5. Meletus(Krakatau, 1883) ∧ ∀x : [Jawa(x) → mati(x, 1883)&lt;br /&gt;       6. ∀x : ∀thn1 : ∀thn2 :  pastimati(x) ∧  lahir(x, thn1)  ∧ lahir(x, thn2) ∧ lebihdari(thn2 – thn1, 150) → mati(x, thn2)&lt;br /&gt;       7. Sekarang ≡ 2010&lt;br /&gt;       8. ∀x : ∀y : [mati(x,y) → ¬hidup(x,y) ] ∧ [¬hidup(x,y) → mati(x,y)]&lt;br /&gt;       9. ∀x : ∀thn1 : ∀thn2 :  mati(x, thn1) ∧  lebihdari(thn2 – thn1) → mati(x, thn2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B. Dari pernyataan diatas akan dibuktikan Karjo tidak hidup sekarang dengan penalaran backward  : ¬hidup (karjo, sekarang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      ¬hidup (karjo, sekarang)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (8, subtitusi)&lt;br /&gt;       Mati(karjo, sekarang)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (9, subtitusi)&lt;br /&gt;       Mati(karjo, thn1) ∧ lebihdari(sekarang, thn1)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (5, subtitusi)&lt;br /&gt;       Jawa(Karjo) ∧ lebihdari(sekarang, 1883)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (2)&lt;br /&gt;       Lebihdari(sekarang, 1883)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (7, subtitusi)&lt;br /&gt;       Lebihdari(2010, 1883)&lt;br /&gt;                       ↑ (menghitung lebihdari)&lt;br /&gt;                       Nil&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-4441181726973794231?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/4441181726973794231/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/tugas-kecerdasan-i.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4441181726973794231'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4441181726973794231'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/tugas-kecerdasan-i.html' title='Tugas kecerdasan I'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6659642486019499841</id><published>2010-03-04T01:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T01:19:41.086-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kuliah'/><title type='text'>Referensi Mata Kuliah Pemrograman Multimedia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;literatur textbook :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1.  &lt;a href="http://msigidhrd.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/modul-07-pemanfaatan-multimedia-dalam-pembelajaran.pdf"&gt;http://msigidhrd.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/modul-07-pemanfaatan-multimedia-dalam-pembelajaran.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://ilmukomputer.org/2009/07/10/pengantar-multimedia-untuk-media-pembelajaran-2/"&gt;2. http://ilmukomputer.org/2009/07/10/pengantar-multimedia-untuk-media-pembelajaran-2/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;3. &lt;a href="http://ariasdimultimedia.wordpress.com/2008/02/12/panduan-pengembangan-multimedia-pembelajaran/"&gt;http://ariasdimultimedia.wordpress.com/2008/02/12/panduan-pengembangan-multimedia-pembelajaran/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;4. &lt;a href="http://4234046282519128577-a-1802744773732722657-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/dadirahayu/PENGEMBANGANPEMBELAJARANDENGANMENGGU.pdf"&gt;http://4234046282519128577-a-1802744773732722657-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/dadirahayu/PENGEMBANGANPEMBELAJARANDENGANMENGGU.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; - slide :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1. &lt;a href="http://www.e-dukasi.net/sosialisasi/files/Multimedia/Multimedia.ppt"&gt;http://www.e-dukasi.net/sosialisasi/files/Multimedia/Multimedia.ppt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;2. &lt;a href="http://202.91.15.14/upload/files/997_KULIAH_1-3.ppt"&gt;202.91.15.14/upload/files/997_KULIAH_1-3.ppt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;3. &lt;a href="http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:whzvRpeORbYJ:202.91.15.14/upload/files/997_KULIAH_1-3.ppt+slide+multimedia+pembelajaran&amp;amp;cd=11&amp;amp;hl=id&amp;amp;ct=clnk&amp;amp;gl=id"&gt;http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:whzvRpeORbYJ:202.91.15.14/upload/files/997_KULIAH_1-3.ppt+slide+multimedia+pembelajaran&amp;amp;cd=11&amp;amp;hl=id&amp;amp;ct=clnk&amp;amp;gl=id&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;4.&lt;a href="http://118.98.170.99/download/Diklat%20Pengembangan%20Model%20Pembelajaran%20Dan%20Bahan%20Ajar%20Berbasis%20TIK%2021%20-%2024%20Juli%202009/utf-8''edukasinet_v2.ppt"&gt;http://118.98.170.99/download/Diklat%20Pengembangan%20Model%20Pembelajaran%20Dan%20Bahan%20Ajar%20Berbasis%20TIK%2021%20-%2024%20Juli%202009/utf-8''edukasinet_v2.ppt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;-jurnal/proseding :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;1. &lt;a href="http://journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/01%20-%20Prinsip-Prinsip%20Kognitif%20Pembelajaran%20Multimedia=Peran%20Modality%20dan%20Contiguity%20Terhadap%20Peningkatan%20Hasil%20Belajar.pdf"&gt;http://journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/01%20-%20Prinsip-Prinsip%20Kognitif%20Pembelajaran%20Multimedia=Peran%20Modality%20dan%20Contiguity%20Terhadap%20Peningkatan%20Hasil%20Belajar.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;2.&lt;a href="http://mardikanyom.tripod.com/Multimedia.pdf apps.emoe.gov.my/ipba/rdipba/cd1/article99.pdf"&gt; http://mardikanyom.tripod.com/Multimedia.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://mardikanyom.tripod.com/Multimedia.pdf apps.emoe.gov.my/ipba/rdipba/cd1/article99.pdf"&gt;apps.emoe.gov.my/ipba/rdipba/cd1/article99.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;3. &lt;a href="http://www.anwarkim.com/?s=Jurnal+Pendidikan+Inovatif"&gt;www.anwarkim.com/?s=Jurnal+Pendidikan+Inovatif&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;- contoh kasus :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;a href="http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:o3JJOuOfwJsJ:118.98.163.253/download/view.php%3Ffile%3Dmodul%2BPetik%2BMaster%2BTrainer%2BPustekkom/Modul%2B08.pdf+contoh+kasus+multimedia+pembelajaran&amp;amp;cd=20&amp;amp;hl=id&amp;amp;ct=clnk&amp;amp;gl=id"&gt;1. http://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache:o3JJOuOfwJsJ:118.98.163.253/download/view.php%3Ffile%3Dmodul%2BPetik%2BMaster%2BTrainer%2BPustekkom/Modul%2B08.pdf+contoh+kasus+multimedia+pembelajaran&amp;amp;cd=20&amp;amp;hl=id&amp;amp;ct=clnk&amp;amp;gl=id&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;2. &lt;a href="http://budi.insan.co.id/courses/el695/projects/juanda1.doc"&gt;http://budi.insan.co.id/courses/el695/projects/juanda1.doc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6659642486019499841?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6659642486019499841/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/referensi-mata-kuliah-pemrograman.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6659642486019499841'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6659642486019499841'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/referensi-mata-kuliah-pemrograman.html' title='Referensi Mata Kuliah Pemrograman Multimedia'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-3399004270504170685</id><published>2010-03-04T00:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T00:11:06.780-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Practice Test in class , at 18th February 2010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The Armory Show, held in New York in 1913, was &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; important exhibition of modern European art.   &lt;br /&gt; 2. Ripe fruit is often &lt;strong&gt;stored&lt;/strong&gt; in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay too   rapidly.&lt;br /&gt;3. In 1852 Massachusetts passed a law requiring all children from four to eighteen years &lt;strong&gt;of old&lt;/strong&gt; to attend school.&lt;br /&gt;4. The main purpose of classifying animals is to show the most probable evolutionary relationship of the different species to each &lt;strong&gt;another&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;5. Matthew C Perry, a United States naval commander, gained fame not in war and through diplomacy.&lt;br /&gt;6. One of the most impressive collections of nineteenth-century European&lt;strong&gt; paintings&lt;/strong&gt; in the United States can be found to the Philadelphia Museum of Art.&lt;br /&gt;7. Three of every four migrating water birds in North America &lt;strong&gt;visits &lt;/strong&gt;the Gulf of Mexico's winter wetlands.&lt;br /&gt;8. Charleston, West Virginia, was named for Charles Clendenin, &lt;strong&gt;who&lt;/strong&gt; son George acquired land at the junction of the Elk and Kanawha rivers in 1787.&lt;br /&gt;9. Financier Andrew Mellon donated most of his magnificent art collection to the National Galerry of Art, where it is now &lt;strong&gt;locating&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;10. Soil temperatures in Death Valley, California, near the Nevada border, have been known to reach 90 of &lt;strong&gt;degrees&lt;/strong&gt; Celcius. &lt;br /&gt;11. When the Sun, Moon, and Earth &lt;strong&gt;are alignment&lt;/strong&gt; and the Moon crosses the Earth's orbital plane, a solar eclipse occurs.&lt;br /&gt;12. Mary Cassatt's paintings of mothers and children are known for&lt;strong&gt; its &lt;/strong&gt;fine linear rhythm, simple modelings, and harmonies of clear color.&lt;br /&gt;13. &lt;strong&gt;Plants synthesize&lt;/strong&gt; carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide with the aid of energy is derived from sunlight. &lt;br /&gt;14. The best American popular music balances &lt;strong&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt; powerful of emotions of youth with tenderness, grace, and wit.&lt;br /&gt;15. In the nineteenth century, women used quilts to inscribe their responses to social, economics, and &lt;strong&gt;politics&lt;/strong&gt; issues.&lt;br /&gt;16. Fossils in 500-million-year-old rocks demonstrate that life forms in the cambrian period were mostly marine animals &lt;strong&gt;capability&lt;/strong&gt; of secreting calcium to from shells.&lt;br /&gt;17. Rainbows in the shape of complete circles are sometimes seen from airplanes because they &lt;strong&gt;are not cutting&lt;/strong&gt; off by the horizon. &lt;br /&gt;18. &lt;strong&gt;Hot&lt;/strong&gt; at the equator causes the air to expand, rise, and flow toward the poles.&lt;br /&gt;19. Although research has been on going since 1930, the existence of ESP-perception and communication without the use of sight, &lt;strong&gt;hear&lt;/strong&gt;, taste, touch, or smell - is still disputed. &lt;br /&gt;20. &lt;strong&gt;As many as &lt;/strong&gt;50 percent of the income from motion pictures produced in the United States comes from marketing the films abroad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;21. Sleep is controlled by the brain and &lt;strong&gt;associated&lt;/strong&gt; by characteristic breathing rhythms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;22. The walls around the city of Quebec, which was originally &lt;strong&gt;a fort millitary&lt;/strong&gt;, still stand, making Quebec the only walled city in North America.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;23. The manufacture of &lt;strong&gt;authomobile&lt;/strong&gt; was extremely expensive until assembly-line techniques made them cheaper to produce.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;24. The ballad is characterized by informal diction, by a narrative largely dependent on action and dialogue, by thematic&lt;strong&gt; intense&lt;/strong&gt;, and by stress on repetition.&lt;br /&gt;25. Eleanor Roosevelt set the standard against which the wives of all United States Presidents since &lt;strong&gt;have&lt;/strong&gt; evaluated.&lt;br /&gt;Caution :&lt;br /&gt;the word that bold is the answer of the sentence !!!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-3399004270504170685?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/3399004270504170685/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/practice-test-in-class-at-18th-february.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/3399004270504170685'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/3399004270504170685'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/03/practice-test-in-class-at-18th-february.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-5880841806360302741</id><published>2010-02-23T22:39:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-02-23T22:40:46.757-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teknologi'/><title type='text'>KOMPUTASI</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;KOMPUTASI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Komputasi&lt;/b&gt; sebetulnya bisa diartikan sebagai cara untuk menemukan pemecahan masalah dari data &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input" title="Input"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;input&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dengan menggunakan suatu &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoritma" title="Algoritma"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;algoritma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"&gt;Hal ini ialah apa yang disebut dengan &lt;i&gt;teori komputasi&lt;/i&gt;, suatu sub-bidang dari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: SV"&gt;ilmu komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;matematika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;. Selama ribuan tahun, perhitungan dan komputasi umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pena" title="Pena"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;pena&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertas" title="Kertas"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;kertas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;, atau &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapur" title="Kapur"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;kapur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; dan batu tulis, atau dikerjakan secara mental, kadang-kadang dengan bantuan suatu tabel. Namun sekarang, kebanyakan &lt;b&gt;komputasi&lt;/b&gt; telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;Secara umum iIlmu komputasi adalah bidang ilmu yang mempunyai perhatian pada penyusunan model &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;matematika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik" title="Teknik"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;teknik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; penyelesaian &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Numerik&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Numerik (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;numerik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV"&gt; serta penggunaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; untuk menganalisis dan memecahkan masalah-masalah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;ilmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; (sains). Dalam penggunaan praktis, biasanya berupa penerapan simulasi komputer atau berbagai bentuk komputasi lainnya untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah dalam berbagai bidang keilmuan, tetapi dalam perkembangannya digunakan juga untuk menemukan prinsip-prinsip baru yang mendasar dalam ilmu.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Bidang ini berbeda dengan ilmu komputer (&lt;i&gt;computer science&lt;/i&gt;), yang mengkaji komputasi, komputer dan pemrosesan informasi. Bidang ini juga berbeda dengan teori dan percobaan sebagai bentuk tradisional dari ilmu dan kerja keilmuan. Dalam ilmu alam, pendekatan ilmu komputasi dapat memberikan berbagai pemahaman baru, melalui penerapan model-model matematika dalam program komputer berdasarkan landasan teori yang telah berkembang, untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah nyata dalam ilmu tersebut.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;Ilmu atau sains berdasarkan obyek kajiannya dibedakan antara Fisika, Kimia, Biologi dan Geologi. Ilmu dapat pula digolongkan berdasarkan metodologi dominan yang digunakannya, yaitu ilmu pengamatan/percobaan (&lt;i&gt;observational/experimental science&lt;/i&gt;), ilmu teori (&lt;i&gt;theoretical science&lt;/i&gt;) dan ilmu komputasi (&lt;i&gt;computational science&lt;/i&gt;). Yang terakhir ini bisa dianggap bentuk yang paling baru yang muncul bersamaan dengan perkembangan kekuatan pemrosesan dalam komputer dan perkembangan teknik-teknik metode numerik dan metode komputasi lainnya.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;SEJARAH KOMPUTASI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Dalam ilmu (sains) tradisional seperti Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi, penggolongan ilmu berdasarkan &lt;i&gt;metodologi dominannya&lt;/i&gt; juga mewujud, yang ditunjukkan dengan munculnya bidang-bidang khusus berdasarkan penggolongan tsb. lengkap dengan jurnal-jurnal yang relevan untuk melaporkan hasil-hasil penelitiannya. Sebagai contoh dalam kimia, melengkapi kimia percobaan (&lt;i&gt;experimental chemistry&lt;/i&gt;) dan kimia teori (&lt;i&gt;theoretical chemistry&lt;/i&gt;), berkembang pula kimia komputasi (&lt;i&gt;computational chemistry&lt;/i&gt;), seperti juga di bidang Biologi dikenal Biologi Teori (&lt;i&gt;theoretical biology&lt;/i&gt;) serta Biologi Komputasi (&lt;i&gt;computational biology&lt;/i&gt;), lengkap dengan jurnalnya seperti Journal of Computational Chemistry dan Journal of Computational Biology. Cara penggolongan yang digunakan berbeda dengan cara penggolongan lain berdasarkan obyek kajian, seperti penggolongan kimia atas Kimia Organik, Kimia Anorganik, dan Biokimia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Walaupun dengan titik pandang yang berbeda, ilmu komputasi sebagai bentuk ketiga dari ilmu (sains) telah banyak disampaikan oleh berbagai pihak, antara lain &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wolfram" title="en:Stephen Wolfram"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Stephen Wolfram&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dengan bukunya yang terkenal: &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_New_Kind_of_Science" title="en:A New Kind of Science"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;A New Kind of Science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, dan &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber" title="en:Jürgen Schmidhuber"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Jürgen Schmidhuber&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;Komputasi sains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputasi_sains" title="Komputasi sains"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Komputasi sains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu komputasi. Secara umum komputasi sains mengkaji aspek-aspek komputasi untuk aplikasi / memecahkan masalah di bidang &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;sains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; lain, seperti &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;fisika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;kimia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;biologi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan lain-lain.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Di &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; sudah banyak pertemuan atau kegiatan ilmiah terkait dengan komputasi, tetapi umumnya lebih terkait dengan aspek &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;teknologi informasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Sedangkan kajian di &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputasi_sains" title="Komputasi sains"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;komputasi sains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; masih sangat kurang. Hal ini tidak mengherankan karena komputasi sains lebih condong sebagai kajian teori murni, sehingga komunitasnya masih sangat terbatas seperti halnya &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;fisika teori&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Hanya ada satu kegiatan ilmiah yang terkait langsung dan fokus pada kajian komputasi sains, yaitu &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workshop_on_Computational_Science" title="Workshop on Computational Science"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Workshop on Computational Science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; yang diadakan rutin setiap tahun oleh konsorsium yang tergabung dalam &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat_Komputasi_Indonesia" title="Masyarakat Komputasi Indonesia"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Masyarakat Komputasi Indonesia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - MKI&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;Komputasi awan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Komputasi awan&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;bahasa Inggris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;i&gt;cloud computing&lt;/i&gt;) adalah gabungan pemanfaatan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_komputer&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Teknologi komputer (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;teknologi komputer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; ('&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputasi" title="Komputasi"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;komputasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;') dan pengembangan berbasis &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; ('awan'). &lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;Awan (cloud)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; adalah metefora dari internet, sebagaimana awan yang sering digambarkan di diagram jaringan komputer. Sebagaimana awan dalam diagram jaringan komputer tersebut, &lt;i&gt;awan (cloud)&lt;/i&gt; dalam Cloud Computing juga merupakan abstraksi dari infrastruktur kompleks yang disembunyikannya.Ia adalah suatu moda komputasi di mana kapabilitas terkait &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: SV"&gt;teknologi informasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; disajikan sebagai suatu layanan (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Everything_as_a_service&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Everything as a service (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;as a service&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;), sehingga pengguna dapat mengaksesnya lewat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; ("di dalam awan") &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;tanpa pengetahuan tentangnya, ahli dengannya, atau memiliki kendali terhadap infrastruktur teknologi yang membantunya. Menurut sebuah makalah tahun 2008 yang dipublikasi &lt;i&gt;IEEE Internet Computing&lt;/i&gt; "Cloud Computing adalah suatu paradigma di mana informasi secara permanen tersimpan di server di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt; dan tersimpan secara sementara di komputer pengguna (client) termasuk di dalamnya adalah desktop, komputer tablet, notebook, komputer tembok, handheld, sensor-sensor, monitor dan lain-lain." &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Komputasi awan adalah suatu konsep umum yang mencakup &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaaS" title="SaaS"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;SaaS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Web 2.0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, dan tren teknologi terbaru lain yang dikenal luas, dengan tema umum berupa ketergantungan terhadap Internet untuk memberikan kebutuhan komputasi pengguna. Sebagai contoh, &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Apps&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" title="Google Apps (halaman belum tersedia)"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Google Apps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; menyediakan aplikasi bisnis umum secara daring yang diakses melalui suatu &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjelajah_web" title="Penjelajah web"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;penjelajah web&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dengan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" title="Perangkat lunak"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;perangkat lunak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan data yang tersimpan di &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server" title="Server"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;server&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;Teknologi di Belakang Komputasi Awan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Semua teknologi IT saat ini terlibat di layanan komputasi awan ini mulai dari teknologi infrastruktur yang scalable, platform pengembangan, bahasa/language pemrograman, dan sebagainya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Tetapi jika kita berfokus ke standar interkoneksi antar layanan ini maka kita tidak akan lari dari spesifikasi SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). Buat yang berkecimpung di dunia pengembangan aplikasi seperti ini, maka tentunya sudah tidak asing lagi dengan istilah-istilah seperti &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;REST&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;SOAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_procedure_call"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;RPC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Services"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Web Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, dan arsitektur/protokol lain yang sangat berkaitan erat dengan SOA ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Protokol dan arsitektur yang disebutkan di atas inilah yang memungkinkan terjadinya interkoneksitas independen antar platform, aplikasi dan bahasa pemrograman. Dan spesifikasi dari protokol/arsitektur ini juga mendefinisikan bagaimana menjaga state dan messaging antar komponen tersebut dengan baik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Platform pengembangan yang mainstream untuk SOA saat ini adalah Java Enterprise Edition (&lt;a href="http://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsp"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;JEE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;) dan Microsoft &lt;a href="http://www.microsoft.com/net/"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;.NET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; platform. JEE saat ini masih menggunakan bahasa Java. Sedangkan Microsoft .NET mendukung berbagai bahasa seperti C#, C++, Python, Visual Basic, dan lain sebagainya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di bidang infrastruktur juga tidak ketinggalan dimana berbagai sistem operasi server saat ini sudah mampu melakukan clustering baik untukfilesystem maupun resource RAM. Salah satu produk yang khusus ditujukan untuk pembangunan infrastrukur terdistribusi dan cukup banyak disebut di dalam berbagai literatur adalah proyek &lt;a href="http://hadoop.apache.org/core/"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Hadoop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt"&gt;Manfaat, Peluang dan Kesempatan&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Berbagai manfaat yang saya lihat dapat dipetik dari sini, diantaranya adalah:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Dunia industri tidak perlu menginvestasikan infrastruktur publik yang tentunya memerlukan biaya tidak sedikit. Bisnis bisa lebih fokus ke fungsionalitas daripada memusingkan detil teknis yang memakan waktu, biaya dan tenaga. Aplikasi yang bisa dialihkan ke layanan ini contohnya adalah aplikasi CRM (Customer Relationship Management) atau SCM (Supply Chain Management).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Untuk pengembang aplikasi maka saatnya sebagai individu maupun bagian dari tim developer dapat lebih fokus ke pengembangan ide dan imajinasi untuk mendapatkan hasil akhir produk. Dengan kelengkapan infrastruktur yang sudah ada dapat membantu implementasi aplikasi dengan cepat sehingga meningkatkan produktivitas.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bagi kita sebagai praktisi, pemberi jasa atau bergerak di industri solusi IT, kesempatan baru tentu sangat terbuka. Dengan pengembangan terkini yang telah bergeser dari pengembangan aplikasi desktop yang sangat bergantung kepada sistem operasi ke arah pengembangan platform SOA dan berdaya jangkau global hal ini berpeluang membuka pasar baru yang tidak terbatas.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Bagi pebisnis di bidang infrastruktur tentunya ini menjadi peluang yang besar karena dengan meningkatnya penggunaan layanan SaaS ini akan meningkatkan penggunaaan bandwidth internet. Pasar akan makin besar dan biaya yang telah dikeluarkan untuk pembangunan infrastruktur akan makin cepat kembali sehingga dapat memberikan harga yang sangat bersaing.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Integrasi aplikasi dengan berbagai device. Dengan infrastruktur yang ditawarkan terutama oleh Google dan Micosoft Live Mesh, maka integrasi aplikasi kita dengan layanan mereka lainnya terutama di layanan aplikasi mobile device - seperti misalnya Google &lt;a href="http://code.google.com/android/"&gt;&lt;span style="color:windowtext"&gt;Android&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; - akan sangat terbuka lebar. Dan seperti yang Anda tahu, pasar mobile selalu meningkat signifikan dari tahun ke tahun.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;KESIMPULAN&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Cloud computing atau komputasi awan merupakan tren baru di bidang komputasi terdistribusi dimana berbagai pihak dapat mengembangkan aplikasi dan layanan berbasis SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) di jaringan internet.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Referensi: &lt;a href="http://www.wikipedia.org/"&gt;www.wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;             &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blog.komputasiawan.com/"&gt;www.blog.komputasiawan.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language:SV"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-5880841806360302741?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/5880841806360302741/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/02/komputasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5880841806360302741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5880841806360302741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2010/02/komputasi.html' title='KOMPUTASI'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-7298827360192106981</id><published>2009-12-19T21:35:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:36:18.313-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Articles</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Articles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;Dalam bahasa inggris, articles (kata sandang) dapat dibedakan dalam 2 macam yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Definite Article (Kata Sandang Tertentu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Indefinite Article (Kata Sandang Tak Tentu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;A.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Difinite Article&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;Definite Article (Kata Sandang Tertentu) adalah kata yang dipakai didepan kata benda tunggal atau jamak, dimana benda tersebut sudah diketahui sebelumnya, kata yang dipakai adalah “THE”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Kata sandang “THE” digunakan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata benda sudah diketahui secara pasti atau sudah tentu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Contoh :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;The girl who talked to you yesterday,is my sister.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;(gadis yang berbicara kepada kamu kemarin adalah kaka saya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Kalimat ini memakai kata sandang “The” karena gadis dalam kalimat itu sudah pasti yaitu gadis yang berbicara kepada kamu (bukan gadis yang lain).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;That is the man who took your money last week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;(Lelaki itulah yang mengambil uangmu minggu lalu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;The red book over there is mine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;(Buku yang berwarna merah itu kepunyaan saya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata benda sudah disebut sebelumnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Contoh :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;An old lady is crossing the street. A young man is following her.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;The old lady is wearing a hat and the young man is her grandson.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata benda bersifat khusus atau tertentu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Contoh :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;The car in the gerage is my car.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;(mobil yang ada digarasi itu adalah mobil saya)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;The man in that room is a singer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;(lelaki yang ada diruangan itu adalah seorang penyayi)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-align: justify; "&gt;Hal-hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan kata sandang “the” adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata sandang “The” tidak digunakan untuk menyebut nama orang, nama Negara, nama kota, nama tempat, nama sungai, gunung dll , kecuali apabila nama-nama tersebut digunakan seagai kata  sifat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Perhatikan contoh dibawah ini:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;My name is &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; Arief, I will go to &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; bandung to see &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; bandung festival next month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I went to &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; Amrica to visit &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; Niagara falls.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata sandang “the” tidak digunakan dengan kata benda yang bersifat universal (umum).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We can not live without &lt;s&gt;the&lt;/s&gt; air. (kita tidak bias hidup tanpa udara)..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;&lt;s&gt;The&lt;/s&gt; water boils at 100 celcius degres. (air mendidih pada 100 derajat celcius).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;B.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;Indefinite  Article&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;Indefinite Article (kata sandang tak tentu) adalah kata yang dipakai didepan kata benda tunggal atau jamak, dimana benda tersebut belum diketahui sebelumnya, kata yang dipakai adalah kata sandang “A” atau “AN”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;I see a man crossing the street. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;(Saya melihat seorang lellaki sedang menyebrang jalan)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-align: justify; "&gt;Dari contoh kalimat diatas, kata sandang yang digunakan adalah “a” (bukan “the”) sebab kita belum tahu pasti siapa lelaki yang menyebrang itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh lain:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;I want to see a film at “Nusantara” last night.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;The film that I saw at “nusantara” last night, is “Lion King”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Untuk penggunaan kata sandang “a” dan “an” berlaku ketentuan sebagai berikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata sandang “a” digunakan didepan kata benda tunggal dimana kata benda tersebut diawali dengan huruf mati (consonant) atau juga diawali dengan bunyi mati.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;A book (kata benda diawali dengan huruf mati : book)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;A car (kata benda diawali dengan huruf mati :car)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;A  university (kata benda diawali dengan bunyi mati : yuniversity)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;A used-car (kata benda diawali dengan bunyi mati : yuws-car)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata sandang “an” digunakan didepan kata benda tunggal dimana kata benda tersebut diawali dengan huruf hidup(vocal) atau juga diawali dengan bunyi hidup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;An apple (kata benda diawali dengan huruf hidup : apple)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;An envelope (kata benda diawali dengan huruf hidup : envelope)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;An hour (kata benda diawali denagn bunyi hidup : hour)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;An honest-man (kata benda diawali dengan bunyi hidup : anist-man)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-7298827360192106981?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/7298827360192106981/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/articles.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/7298827360192106981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/7298827360192106981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/articles.html' title='Articles'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-4046463735283091524</id><published>2009-12-19T21:35:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:35:39.438-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Tense (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 27px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 31px; "&gt;Simple Present Tenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Simple present tenses digunakan untuk :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Menyatakan suatu kebiasaan atau kejadian yang sampai sekarng masih sering dilakukan (habitual action).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I usually go to school at seven o’clok every day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;The students play basket every Saturday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;My mother goes ti the market  every morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;    &lt;span style="font-size: medium; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;Menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum (general truth) atau menyatkan suatu kebenaran fakta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;The river runs into the sea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;A day has twenty four hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kalimat simple present selalu menggunakan katakerja bentuk ke-1 (infinite) sebagai predikatnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: medium; border-bottom-width: medium; border-left-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-color: initial; color: black; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Infinite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bentuk “ing”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Preterite&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Past Participle&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Play&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Playing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Palyed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Played&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Study&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Studying&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Studied&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Studied&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Come&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Coming&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Came&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Come&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Go&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Going&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;Went&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="160" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; "&gt;gone&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;Adapun rumus dari Simple Present Tenese adalah :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;I/You/We/They  + Kata Kerja Bentuk ke 1 (Infinite)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I&lt;b&gt; play&lt;/b&gt; football every Sunday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;You &lt;b&gt;study&lt;/b&gt; English every week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We &lt;b&gt;come&lt;/b&gt; to the party.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;They &lt;b&gt;go&lt;/b&gt; to school every morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;Apabila subjeknya I, you, we, they maka langsung diikuti oleh kata kerja ke 1, seperti play, study, come dan go. Namun, apabila subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal, yaitu he dan she maka rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;He/she + kata kerja ke-1 (infinite) +s/es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He &lt;b&gt;plays&lt;/b&gt; football every Sunday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;She &lt;b&gt;studies&lt;/b&gt; English every week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He &lt;b&gt;comes&lt;/b&gt; to the party.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;She &lt;b&gt;goes&lt;/b&gt; to school every morning&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-indent: 18pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terdapat bebrapa ketentuan untuk menambahkan akhiran “s” dan “es” dalam simple present  tenses yaitu:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf “s”,”ch”,”sh” dan “o” mendapat tambahan huruf “es” apabila subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: medium; border-bottom-width: medium; border-left-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-color: initial; color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject bukan orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;We &lt;b&gt;miss&lt;/b&gt; the bus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;He &lt;b&gt;misses&lt;/b&gt; the bus&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;You &lt;b&gt;watch&lt;/b&gt; the film&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;She &lt;b&gt;watchses&lt;/b&gt; the film&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;I &lt;b&gt;wash&lt;/b&gt; the car&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Rudy &lt;b&gt;washes&lt;/b&gt; the car&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;They &lt;b&gt;go&lt;/b&gt; to school&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Ratna &lt;b&gt;goes&lt;/b&gt; to school&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf “y” dan didahului huruf mati, maka “y” ditukar dengan “I” lalu ditambah akhiran “es”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: medium; border-bottom-width: medium; border-left-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-color: initial; color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject bukan orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;I&lt;b&gt; study&lt;/b&gt; English&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;He &lt;b&gt;studies&lt;/b&gt; English&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;We &lt;b&gt;try&lt;/b&gt; to help you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;She &lt;b&gt;tries&lt;/b&gt; to help you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;They &lt;b&gt;carry&lt;/b&gt; the bags&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Rudy &lt;b&gt;carries&lt;/b&gt; the bag&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;You &lt;b&gt;copy&lt;/b&gt; the lesson&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Ratna &lt;b&gt;copies&lt;/b&gt; the lesson&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 18pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Kata kerja yang berakiran huruf “y” tetapi diikuti oleh huruf hidup, maka langsung ditambah dengan huruf “s” jika subjecknya orang ketiga tunggal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: medium; border-bottom-width: medium; border-left-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-color: initial; color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject bukan orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;I &lt;b&gt;buy&lt;/b&gt; a book&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;I &lt;b&gt;buys&lt;/b&gt; a book&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;We &lt;b&gt;play&lt;/b&gt; badminton&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;We &lt;b&gt;palys&lt;/b&gt; badminton&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;You &lt;b&gt;stay&lt;/b&gt; hrere&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;You &lt;b&gt;stays &lt;/b&gt;here&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;They &lt;b&gt;enjoy&lt;/b&gt; the  trip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Ratna &lt;b&gt;enjoys&lt;/b&gt; the trip&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;4.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Selain ketentuan diatas, ddalam Simple present tenses umumnya kata kerja mendapat akhiran “s” jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: medium; border-bottom-width: medium; border-left-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-color: initial; color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject bukan orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject orang ketiga tunggal&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;I &lt;b&gt;sign&lt;/b&gt; a song&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;She &lt;b&gt;sign&lt;/b&gt;s a song&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;We &lt;b&gt;work &lt;/b&gt;in this office&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;He &lt;b&gt;works&lt;/b&gt; this office&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;You &lt;b&gt;speak&lt;/b&gt; English&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Rudy &lt;b&gt;speaks&lt;/b&gt; English&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-width: 1pt; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: black; border-right-color: black; border-bottom-color: black; border-left-color: black; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;They &lt;b&gt;make&lt;/b&gt; the cake&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td valign="top" width="319" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: none; border-top-width: medium; border-right-width: 1pt; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-width: medium; padding-top: 0cm; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt; "&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; "&gt;Ratna &lt;b&gt;makes&lt;/b&gt; a cake&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Exercise :&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;We (sends, &lt;b&gt;send)&lt;/b&gt; the letter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;My father (drink,&lt;b&gt; drinks&lt;/b&gt;) coffe every morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;He always (get, &lt;b&gt;gets&lt;/b&gt;) up early in the morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;4.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;You and jhon (&lt;b&gt;do&lt;/b&gt;, does) the homework.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;5.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;One of my friend (come,&lt;b&gt;comes&lt;/b&gt;) to the party.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;6.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;My brother never (fail,&lt;b&gt;fails&lt;/b&gt;) in exam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;7.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Every body (ask, &lt;b&gt;asks&lt;/b&gt;) about him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;8.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;My mother (buy,&lt;b&gt;buys&lt;/b&gt;) some foods.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;9.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Does rudy (give,&lt;b&gt;gives)&lt;/b&gt; the money.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;10.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;Do they (&lt;b&gt;write&lt;/b&gt;,writes) a letter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 27px; line-height: 31px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Present Continuous Tenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;Kalimat Present Continous Tenses dibentuk dengan cara sebagai beikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Subject + am/is/are + kata kerja bentuk “ing”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;am studying&lt;/b&gt; English now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He &lt;b&gt;is reading&lt;/b&gt; a book at a moment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;You &lt;b&gt;are writing&lt;/b&gt; a letter in the room.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;Kalimat dalam bentuk Present Continuous Tenses digunakan untuk:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Menyatakan suatu kejadian atau perbuatan yang sedang dilakukan sekarang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Comtoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;am studying&lt;/b&gt;  English now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He &lt;b&gt;is listening&lt;/b&gt; to the radio at a moment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We &lt;b&gt;are going&lt;/b&gt; to the mvie tonight&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau rencana yang segera akan dilaksanakan di waktu yang akan dating.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;am leaving&lt;/b&gt; tomorrow morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;She &lt;b&gt;is going&lt;/b&gt; to the movie tonight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 27px; line-height: 31px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="left"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Future Tenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;Future Tenses digunakan untuk menyatkan suatu  peristiwa atau kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada waktu yang akan dating, adapun bentuk dari future tenses adalah sebagai beikut :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject + Shall/will + infinitve (bentuk ke-1)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal"&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;I will go to London next month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;He will come to school tomorrow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;They will finish the job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;4.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Mr arief will teach English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;5.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Rudy an rita will play tennis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal"&gt;Kalimat Future Tenses dalam bentuk kalimat Nominal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal"&gt;                Apabila kalimatnya dalam bentuk kalimat nominal (menggunakan to be),maka bentuknya sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Subject + shall/will + be + complement&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoNormal"&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;I will be busy tomorrow morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;He will be happy to hear that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;3.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;We will be in bandiung tomorrow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Simple Past Tenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;           &lt;br /&gt;Simple Past Tenses digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi atau dilakukan pada waktu yang telah lalu, adapun bentuknya adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Subject + kata kerja bentuk ke-2 (preterite)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;played&lt;/b&gt; football yesterday morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He &lt;b&gt;studied&lt;/b&gt; English last week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Rudy and rita &lt;b&gt;worked&lt;/b&gt; at the post office.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Simple Past Tenses dalam bentuk kalimat nominal.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;Untuk membuat kalimat nominal (menggunakan to be) dalam simple past tenses, maka to be yang digunakan adalah “was” dan “were” yang diikuti oleh kata benda, kata sifat dan kata keterangan waktu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;was&lt;/b&gt; bussy yesterday morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;You &lt;b&gt;were&lt;/b&gt; in London last month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;Rudy and rita &lt;b&gt;were&lt;/b&gt; happy to hear that news.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Present Perfect Tenses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;Kalimat dalam bentuk present perfect tenses digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian atau kegiatan yang dilakukan pda waktu yang telah lalu. Adapun bentuk dari kalimat present perfect tetses adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; "&gt;Subject + have/has + kata kerja bentuk ke-3 (past participle)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I &lt;b&gt;have waited&lt;/b&gt; you for two hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;You &lt;b&gt;have visited&lt;/b&gt; bali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We &lt;b&gt;have finished&lt;/b&gt; that job.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Penggunaan kalimat present perfect tenses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;1.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Manyatakan suatu kejadian atau perbuatan yang telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu yang lau tanpa ketetapan waktu yang pasti (entah kapan) tetapi ada hasilnya, biasanya menggunakan keterangan already, just atau yet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have already seen that film. (saya sudah menonton film itu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;Kalimat ini berarti bahwa saya sudah menonton film itu di waktu yang lalu, entah kapan dan ada hasilnya, yaitu saya dapat menceritakan film itu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have had my lunch. (saya sudah makan siang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He has typed the letter (ia sudah mengetik surat)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;2.&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;Menyatakan suatu kejadian atau perbuatan yang terjadi dwaktu lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat bicara.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; "&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have lived in bandung since 1990.(saya telah tinggal di bandung sejak 1990)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; "&gt;Kaimat ini berarti bahwa saya sudah tinggal di badung sejak tahun 1990 dan sampai saat saya berbicara, saya masih tinggal di bandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have worked there for along time.( saya sudah bekerja dikantor itu sejak lama)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We have ever  visited your house. (kami sudah pernah berkunjung ke rumahmu)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 18pt; "&gt;Perbedaan yang sangat prinsipil antara Simple Present Perfect dengan simple past tenses yang perlu diketahui adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 18pt; "&gt;Dalam present perfect tenses, lebih ditekankan pada  kejadian atau perbuatan yang dilakukan, sedangkan dalam simple past tenses lebih ditekankan pada waktu kejadiannya di masa lampau.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 18pt; "&gt;Perhatikan dengan cermat dan bandingkan kalimat dibawah ini:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have seen that film. (penekanan pada perbuatan: have seen).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I saw that film yesterday. (penekanan pada waktu:yesterday).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We have written that letter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We wrote that letter last week.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: 18pt; "&gt;Jadi apabila kita ingin menyatakan suatu kejadian atau perbuatan di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan keterangan waktunya, sebaiknya gunakanlah bentuk present perfect tenses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;Present perfect tenses dalam bentuk kalimat nominal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; margin-left: 36pt; text-indent: 36pt; "&gt;Dalam kalimat nominal, present perfect tenses dibentuk dengan menggunakan “been” sebagai to be, yang diikuti kata benda, kata sifat, atau keterangan. Perhatikan dan bandingkan dengan penggunaan “be” pada future tenses.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; "&gt;                Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;I have been bussy for two weeks&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;He has been a teacher for five years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="color: black; margin-left: 54pt; text-indent: -18pt; "&gt;-&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; "&gt;          &lt;/span&gt;We have been in Jakarta since 1990.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-4046463735283091524?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/4046463735283091524/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/tense-2.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4046463735283091524'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4046463735283091524'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/tense-2.html' title='Tense (2)'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6971998952919814640</id><published>2009-12-19T21:32:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:32:47.758-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Pronouns</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Definisi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pronouns (Kata Ganti) adalah kata yang menggantikan kata benda (nouns).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pembagian Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   1. Personal Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   2. Demonstrative Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   3. Possessive Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   4. Interrogative Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   5. Relative Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   6. Indefinite Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   7. Reflexive Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   8. Intensive Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;   9. Reciprocal Pronouns&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name="more"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Penjelasan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Personal Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata ganti orang, baik orang pertama, orang kedua maupun orang ketiga. Personal Pronouns berfungsi sebagai:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Nominative Subjective, yaitu menjadi subjek kalimat. I, we, you, they, he, she, it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * I study English&lt;br /&gt;    * You are my new secretary.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Objective, yaitu menjadi objek kalimat. Me, us, you, them, him, her, it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * She brings me a cup of coffee.&lt;br /&gt;    * I make you a kite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. Demonstrative Pronouns (Kata Ganti Penunjuk)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * This, that, those, these.&lt;br /&gt;    * This is your book.&lt;br /&gt;    * Those are my pencils.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Keempat kata di atas juga dapat dijumpai dalam Demonstrative Adjectives. Perbedaan penggunaannya hanya pada penggunaan kata benda (nouns) setelah keempat kata di atas untuk Demonstrative Adjectives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        * This book is yours (this = adjectives)&lt;br /&gt;        * This is your book. (this = pronouns)&lt;br /&gt;        * These are your pencils. (these = pronouns)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. Possessive Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan. Mine, yours, theirs, ours, his, hers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * This house is mine. (mine = Possessive Pronouns).&lt;br /&gt;    * This is my house. (my=Possessive Adjectives).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. Relative Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata yang menggantikan kata yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Menggantikan subjek.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who (orang)&lt;br /&gt;Which, that (benda, binatang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;b. Menggantikan Objek&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;whom (orang)&lt;br /&gt;which, that (benda, binatang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;c. Menggantikan kepunyaan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;whose (orang)&lt;br /&gt;of which (benda, binatang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Semua kata-kata di atas (who, whom, whose, which, that, dan of which) dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya ‘Yang”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        * The man who cuts my hair is my uncle (Laki-laki yang memangkas rambut saya adalah paman saya).&lt;br /&gt;        * I am waiting for the man whom you are talking about.&lt;br /&gt;        * She borrows the novel of which cover is purple.&lt;br /&gt;        * Pembahasan lebih lanjut mengenai topic ini akan dibahas pada topic Adjective Clause.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;5. Interrogative Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata Tanya yang digunakan untuk mengawali suatu pertanyaan.&lt;br /&gt;Kata yang dipakai adalah who, what, whom, dan which.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Who are you?&lt;br /&gt;    * What is the color of your house? (what = Pronouns)&lt;br /&gt;    * What color is your house? (what = Adjectives)&lt;br /&gt;    * Which is your pen? (which = Pronouns)&lt;br /&gt;    * Which pen is yours? (which = Adjectives)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;6. Indefinite Pronouns (Kata Ganti Tak Tentu)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kata-kata yang sering dipakai adalah: another, anybody, something, everyone, much, neither, one, none, dll.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * All work is not dull, some is pleasant.&lt;br /&gt;    * Most of the cars are new.&lt;br /&gt;    * Nobody is at home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;7. Reflexive Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata ganti yang merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti (Pronouns) itu sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhatikan bentuk kata ganti jenis ini:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I = myself&lt;br /&gt;You = yourself (kamu)&lt;br /&gt;You = yourselves (kalian)&lt;br /&gt;We = ourselves&lt;br /&gt;They = themselves&lt;br /&gt;He = himself&lt;br /&gt;She = herself&lt;br /&gt;It = itself&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * I cut myself with a knife (saya kena pisau)&lt;br /&gt;    * They love themselves.&lt;br /&gt;    * I help myself this morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;8. Intensive Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata ganti yang juga merupakan pantulan dari kata ganti itu sendiri. Namun, letaknya sesudah nouns/pronouns itu sendiri. Kata ganti jenis ini berfungsi untuk lebih menekankan / menegaskan maksud pembicaraan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Henry himself who told me so. (Henry sendirilah yang mengatakan begitu kepadaku)&lt;br /&gt;    * Mary herself repaired the computer. (Mary sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang memperbaiki computer itu)&lt;br /&gt;    * Jack himself gave me the book.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Berhati-hatilah dengan penggunaan kata gantu jenis ini. Perhatikan 3 contoh kalimat di bawah ini dan perhatikan perbedaannya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        * Alex does the test himself. (= Alex mengerjakan test itu sendiri – tanpa bantuan orang lain)&lt;br /&gt;        * Ted himself does the test. (=Ted sendirilah – bukan orang lain – yang mengerjakan test itu)&lt;br /&gt;        * Bob does the test by himself. (= Bob mengerjakan test itu sendirian – tidak ada orang lain bersama dia)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;9. Reciprocal Pronouns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yaitu kata ganti yang menyatakan hubungan timbale balik antara 2 atau lebih.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frase yang digunakan adalah:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Each other = satu sama lain (2 orang)&lt;br /&gt;    * One another = satu sama lain ( lebih dari 2 orang)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Contoh:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    * Henry and Elizabeth loves each other. (Henry &amp;amp; Elizabeth saling mencintai/ Henry &amp;amp; Elizabeth mencintai satu sama lainnya)&lt;br /&gt;    * All children love one another.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6971998952919814640?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6971998952919814640/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/pronouns.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6971998952919814640'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6971998952919814640'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/pronouns.html' title='Pronouns'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6848697095815106829</id><published>2009-12-19T21:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:28:40.237-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Surat Lamaran Kerja (1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: verdana; font-size: 11px; line-height: 14px; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contoh Surat Lamaran  Kerja&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;Berikut adalah contoh surat lamaran untuk training atau internship program. Bagi mahasiswa perhotelan, on the job training adalah salah satu faktor penting penentu kelulusan dan training di hotel ternama juga akan memberi nilai plus untuk melamar pekerjaan bila sudah lulus kuliah. Silahkan gunakan contoh surat lamaran training dibawah ini dan silahkan dimodifikasi sesuai bidang dan jurusan kuliah masing2.&lt;br /&gt;Good Luck!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name="more"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;To: Human Resources Department&lt;br /&gt;      Conrad Bali Hotel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      Nusa Dua – Bali&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Re: Apllication for Training from beginning of December 2009 to End of June 2010&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Sir/Madam,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At present I am a full time student at PPLP Dhyana Pura majoring in Hotel and Tourism Industry. My main subjects are Management in Room Division. As an Integrated part of my studies to make a training, I would be pleased if I could get the possibility to do this at your established and well known hotel&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As I have seen, service orientation is a very important factor for the organization that turns Conrad Bali into a competitive player on the tourist market. I would like to see and learn how this is carried out and controlled and obviously will love to learn it with the best.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am convinced that my skills are also a great value and advantageous for your organization. For your perusal, I am enclosing my resume.&lt;br /&gt;Thank you for your time and consideration and I look forward to hear from you soon&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sincerely Yours,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Your Name)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6848697095815106829?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6848697095815106829/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/surat-lamaran-kerja-1.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6848697095815106829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6848697095815106829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/surat-lamaran-kerja-1.html' title='Surat Lamaran Kerja (1)'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-5288812188272194529</id><published>2009-12-19T21:26:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:30:13.143-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Surat Lamaran Kerja (2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);   line-height: 14px; font-family:verdana;font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify; "&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;Contoh Surat Lamaran Kerja&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jl. Raya Bogenvile 11&lt;br /&gt;Kelapa Gading&lt;br /&gt;Jakarta 14045&lt;br /&gt;Phone : 021 - 8886655&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;August 17th, 2009&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Attention To:&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Haryono Sujatmiko&lt;br /&gt;PT. Bumi Sentosa Damai&lt;br /&gt;Jl. Garuda No. 33&lt;br /&gt;Bogor&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dear Mr. Sujatmiko,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name="more"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am a graduate student in Computer Science at Indonesia University, and I will be awarded an M.S. degree in July 2007. I am currently looking for a position related to Database/Graphics Package Design in the research and development department of a major company.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before coming to Indonesia University, I designed, supervised, and completed a CAD system. The function covers vector, character and curve generation, windowing, shading, and transformations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At Indonesia University, my research work involves Compilation of Relational Queries into Network DML. To enhance my background, I have taken some courses in computer graphics and database, and I have experience in and an understanding of the design of databases. With this b background, I certainly believe that I am competent to meet challenging tasks and can make a good contribution to your company.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enclosed is my resume, which indicates in some detail my training and experience. I sincerely hope that my qualifications are of interest to you and that an interview might be arranged at your convenience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sincerely yours,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peter Parker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-5288812188272194529?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/5288812188272194529/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-jl.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5288812188272194529'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5288812188272194529'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/12/contoh-surat-lamaran-kerja-jl.html' title='Surat Lamaran Kerja (2)'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-4498766585839648327</id><published>2009-11-09T21:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:36:36.808-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jaringan Komputer Lanjut'/><title type='text'>CDM dan PDM</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 18px; font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Pengertian CDM dan PDM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;CDM singkatan dari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;Conseptual Data Model&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;. CDM dipakai untuk menggambarkan secara detail struktur basis data dalam bentuk logik. Struktur ini independen terhadap semua software maupun struktur data storage tertentu yang digunakan dalam aplikasi ini. CDM terdiri dari objek yang tidak diimplementasikan secara langsung kedalam basis data yang sesungguhnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:verdana;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"&gt;PDM kependekan dari &lt;strong&gt;Physical Data Model&lt;/strong&gt;. PDM merupakan gambaran secara detail basis data dalam bentuk fisik. Penggambaran rancangan PDM memperlihatkan struktur penyimpanan data yang benar pada basis data yang digunakan sesungguhnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Verdana;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;Beberapa implementasi teknologi condition monitoring yang banyak digunakan di Indonesia :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;1. Vibration (online dan offline)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;2. Tribology (oil analysis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;3. Infrared Thermography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;4. Motor Diagnostic (MCSA, flux dll)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;5. Ultrasonic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;6. Partial Discharge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:100%;"&gt;7. DGA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-4498766585839648327?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/4498766585839648327/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/cdm-dan-pdm.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4498766585839648327'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/4498766585839648327'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/cdm-dan-pdm.html' title='CDM dan PDM'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-8735905929285047282</id><published>2009-11-09T20:47:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:25:42.913-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jaringan Komputer Lanjut'/><title type='text'>X.25</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Pengertian X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" line-height: 19px; font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;X.25&lt;/b&gt; adalah sebuah protokol standar &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITU-T&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ITU-T (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;ITU-T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; untuk koneksi &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;wide area network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; pada jaringan &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Packet_switdhed&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Packet switdhed (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;packet switdhed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Saat ini, X.25 banyak digunakan dalam proses transaksi kartu kredit dan mesin ATM. dan juga merupakan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;standar utama untuk jaringan data publik dan telekomunikasi internasional yang disediakan oleh Perusahaan Telekomunikasi dan dijalankan dengan kecepatan hingga 56/64 Kbps. X.25 sejauh ini merupakan standar terbaik untuk WAN. Standar terbaru, khususnya frame relay, mengembangkan X.25 untuk mengambil manfaat dari pengembangan yang luar biasa dalam segi kecepatan dan keandalan transmisi. X.25 dikeluarkan pada tahun 1970an.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:'times new roman';"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Standar ini bagus untuk transmisi pendek dan sibuk, seperti automated teller machines, transaksi kartu kredit, terminal ke host, atau aplikasi lainnya yang serupa. X.25 juga bisa digunakan sebagai penghubung protokol TCP/IP dengan protokol lainnya. Berdasarkan pengoperasiannya, X.25 adalah lapisan ketiga dari connection oriented protocol.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" line-height: 19px;font-size:13px;"&gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" line-height: 19px;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Protokol Pada X.25&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" line-height: 19px;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Penggunaan protokol pada model standar &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; ini meliputi tiga layer terbawah dari model referensi OSI. Terdapat tiga protokol yang biasa digunakan pada &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;implementasi X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul type="DISC"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Packet-Layer Protocol (PLP),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Serta beberapa standar elektronik dari interface layer fisik seperti EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, EIA-530, dan G.703.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Gambar 3 mengilustrasikan protokol-protokol &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; ini pada model OSI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;font-size:13px;"&gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;Lapisan-lapisan X25&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 19px;font-family:Georgia;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: normal; font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Layer 1:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul type="DISC"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Physical Layer bekerja dengan elektris atau sinyal. Didalamnya termasuk beberapa standar elektronik seperti is V.35 , RS232&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:6;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;and X.21.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Layer 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul type="DISC"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Data Link Layer, pada &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; diimplementasikan ISO HDLC standar yang disebut Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB) dan menyediakan link yang bebas error antara dua node yang secara fisik terkoneksi. Error ini akan dicek dan dikoreksi pada tiap hop pada network.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Fasilitas inilah yang membuat &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; handal, dan cocok untuk link yang noisy, cenderung punya banyak error.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Protocol modern seperti Frame Relay atau ATM tidak punya error correction dan hanya memiliki basic flow control. Mereka merngandalkan protokol pada level yang lebih tinggi seperti TCP/IP untuk menyediakan flow control dan end-to-end error correction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Layer 3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul type="DISC"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Network Layer yang mengatur komunikasi end-to-end antar device DTE. Layer ini mengurus set-up dan memutus koneksi serta fungsi routing dan juga multiplexing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman';"&gt;&lt;p align="center" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;font-size:13px;"&gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align="center" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;IMPLEMENTASI X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul type="DISC"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Contoh cara mengkonfigurasi &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;dengan perintah encapsulation pada cisco router:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router(config)#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;int s0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router(config-if)#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;encap x25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router(config-if)#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;x25 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;address&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; adddress dengan metode X.121&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/address&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router(config-if)#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;x25 ips &lt;16-4096&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;ips adalah input packet size&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router(config-if)#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;x25 win &lt;1-127&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;win adalah window size&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Beberapa perintah yang dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa konfigurasi &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; antara lain:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;show X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; map &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;menampilkan peta alamat &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;show X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; route &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;menampilkan tabel routing &lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;show x.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; vc &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;menampilkan daftar SVC dan PVC aktif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Router#&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;show x.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; remote-red &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;tampil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;mapping lokal&amp;amp;remote IPaddress&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;sumber : &lt;a href="http://wikipedia.org/"&gt;wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-8735905929285047282?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/8735905929285047282/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/x25.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8735905929285047282'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8735905929285047282'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/x25.html' title='X.25'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6050193050652548473</id><published>2009-11-09T19:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:31:36.870-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Jaringan Komputer Lanjut'/><title type='text'>Frame Relay</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 19px; font-family:-webkit-sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;Pengertian Frame Relay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "&gt;&lt;b&gt;"Frame Relay&lt;/b&gt; adalah &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol" title="Protokol" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;protokol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;packet-switching&lt;/i&gt; yang menghubungkan perangkat-perangkat &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;telekomunikasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; pada satu &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_Area_Network" title="Wide Area Network" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;Wide Area Network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;(WAN). Protokol ini bekerja pada &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapisan_fisik" title="Lapisan fisik" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;lapisan Fisik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapisan_data-link" title="Lapisan data-link" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;Data Link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; pada model referensi &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_OSI" title="Model OSI" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;OSI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Protokol Frame Relay menggunakan struktur&lt;i&gt;Frame&lt;/i&gt; yang menyerupai &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LAPD&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="LAPD (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "&gt;LAPD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, perbedaannya adalah Frame Header pada LAPD digantikan oleh field header sebesar 2 bita pada Frame Relay" dari &lt;a href="http://wikipedia.org/"&gt;wikipedia.org.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;h2  style="background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170);  margin-bottom: 0.6em; font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Keuntungan_Frame_Relay"&gt;Keuntungan Frame Relay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Frame Relay menawarkan alternatif bagi teknologi &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sirkuit_Sewa&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirkuit Sewa (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Sirkuit Sewa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; lain seperti jaringan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.25" title="X.25" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;X.25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; dan sirkuit Sewa biasa. Kunci positif &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;teknologi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; ini adalah:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;Sirkuit Virtual hanya menggunakan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebar_pita" title="Lebar pita" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;lebar pita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; saat ada data yang lewat di dalamnya, banyak sirkuit virtual dapat dibangun secara bersamaan dalam satu jaringan transmisi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;Kehandalan saluran komunikasi dan peningkatan kemampuan penanganan error pada perangkat-perangkat telekomunikasi memungkinkan protokol Frame Relay untuk mengacuhkan Frame yang bermasalah (mengandung error) sehingga mengurangi data yang sebelumnya diperlukan untuk memproses penanganan error.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2  style="color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170);  margin-bottom: 0.6em; background-position: initial initial; font-size:150%;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Format_Frame_Relay"&gt;Format Frame Relay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="thumb tright" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: white; border-right-color: white; border-bottom-color: white; border-left-color: white; width: auto; clear: right; float: right; border-top-width: 0.5em; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0.8em; border-left-width: 1.4em; "&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 352px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 94%; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:FormatFrameRelay.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; "&gt;&lt;img alt="" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/49/FormatFrameRelay.jpg/350px-FormatFrameRelay.jpg" width="350" height="96" class="thumbimage" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="thumbinner" style="width: 352px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 94%; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; "&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption" size="94%" color="initial" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border- line-height: 1.4em; padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important;  text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;div class="magnify" style="border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; -webkit-background-clip: initial !important; -webkit-background-origin: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; float: right; background-position: initial initial !important; "&gt;&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:FormatFrameRelay.jpg" class="internal" title="Perbesar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 43, 184); display: block; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; -webkit-background-clip: initial !important; -webkit-background-origin: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; "&gt;&lt;img src="http://id.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" style="border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; display: block; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; -webkit-background-clip: initial !important; -webkit-background-origin: initial !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-position: initial initial !important; " /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="thumbcaption" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; line-height: 1.4em; padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; font-size: 94%; text-align: left; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px; "&gt;Struktur Frame pada Frame Relay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Format Frame Relay terdiri atas bagian-bagian sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3   style="background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom- font-weight: bold;  margin-bottom: 0.3em; font-size:132%;color:initial;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Flags"&gt;Flags&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Membatasi awal dan akhir suatu frame. Nilai field ini selalu sama dan dinyatakan dengan bilangan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadesimal" title="Hexadesimal" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;hexadesimal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 7E atau 0111 1110 dalam format&lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_bilangan_biner" title="Sistem bilangan biner" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;biner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. Untuk mematikan bilangan tersebut tidak muncul pada bagian frame lainnya, digunakan prosedur Bit-stuffing dan Bit-destuffing&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3   style="background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom- font-weight: bold;  margin-bottom: 0.3em; font-size:132%;color:initial;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Address"&gt;Address&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Terdiri dari beberapa informasi:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), terdiri dari 10 bita, bagian pokok dari header Frame Relay dan merepresentasikan koneksi virtual antara DTE dan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Switch&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Switch (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Switch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Frame Relay. Tiap koneksi virtual memiliki 1 DLCI yang unik.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;Extended Address (EA), menambah kemungkinan pengalamatan &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transmisi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmisi (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;transmisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; data dengan menambahkan 1 bit untuk pengalamatan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;C/R, menentukan apakah frame ini termasuk dalam kategori Perintah (Command) atau Tanggapan (Response)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification), indikasi jumlah frame yang dibuang karena terjadinya kongesti di jaringan tujuan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification), indikasi jumlah frame yang mengarah ke switch FR tersebut tetapi dibuang karena terjadinya kongesti di jaringan asal&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; "&gt;Discard Eligibility, menandai frame yang dapat dibuang jika terjadi kongesti di jaringan&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3   style="background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom- font-weight: bold;  margin-bottom: 0.3em; font-size:132%;color:initial;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Data"&gt;Data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Terdiri dari data pada layer di atasnya yang dienkapsulasi. Tiap frame yang panjangnya bervariasi ini dapat mencapai hingga 4096 &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oktet&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oktet (halaman belum tersedia)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;oktet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3   style="color: black; background-image: none; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom- font-weight: bold;  margin-bottom: 0.3em; background-position: initial initial; font-size:132%;color:initial;"&gt;&lt;span class="mw-headline" id="Frame_Check_Sequence"&gt;Frame Check Sequence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;Bertujuan untuk memastikan integritas data yang ditransmisikan. nilai ini dihitung perangkat sumber dan diverifikasi oleh penerima.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(204, 204, 204);   line-height: normal; font-family:Tahoma;font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Implementasi Frame Relay&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="title"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Frame Relay dapat digunakan untuk jaringan publik dan jaringan “private” perusahaan atau organisasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Jaringan Publik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Pada jaringan publik Frame Relay, “Frame Relay switching equipment” (DCE) berlokasi di kantor pusat (central) perusahaan penyedia jaringan telekomunikasi. Pelanggan hanya membayar biaya berdasarkan pemakain jaringan, dan tidak dibebani administrasi dan pemeliharan perangkat jaringan Frame Relay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Jaringan “Private”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Pada jaringan “private” Frame Relay, administrasi dan pemeliharaan jaringan adalah tanggungjawab perusahaan (private company). Trafik Frame Relay diteruskan melalui “interface” Frame Relay pada jaringan data. Trafik “Non-Frame Relay” diteruskan ke jasa atau aplikasi yang sesuai (seperti “private branch exchange” [PBX] untuk jasa telepon atau untuk aplikasi “video-teleconferencing”).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt; Sumber :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;1.&lt;a href="http://wikipedia.org/"&gt; Wikipedia.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; "&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;2. &lt;a href="http://mudji.net/"&gt;mudji.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6050193050652548473?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6050193050652548473/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/frame-relay.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6050193050652548473'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6050193050652548473'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/frame-relay.html' title='Frame Relay'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6584841518609250133</id><published>2009-11-02T18:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:37:20.858-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teknologi'/><title type='text'>Perbandingan 3 Metode Iris Scan</title><content type='html'>Perbandingan 3 Metode Iris Scan&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam memperoleh jaminan keamanan sistem, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem keamanan yang reliabel dan cukup mudah digunakan oleh user. Untuk memperoleh tingkat keamanan yang tinggi, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang memiliki kunci yang unik untuk setiap orang. Maka dari itu dikembangkanlah sebuah sistem yang menggunakan kunci yang dimiliki setiap orang dan sifatnya unik, sistem tersebut disebut dengan Biometrik. Sistem biometrik ini akan menggunakan bagian tubuh manusia yang sifatnya unik untuk setiap orang. Salah satu bagian tubuh manusia yang bersifat unik dan bisa dijadikan sebagai media keamanan adalah iris atau selaput pelangi pada mata manusia. Letak selaput pelangi ini berada diantara kornea dan lensa mata. (lihat Gambar) Selaput pelangi ini sendiri akan terlihat oleh mata telanjang dari &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;luar mata dan memiliki pola tertentu.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-X7LeR8JI/AAAAAAAAAAw/zWQrHZfjywY/s320/skema+mata.bmp" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 140px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399701521188384914" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;skema mata&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dari pola yang dimiliki oleh selaput pelangi ini, ternyata memiliki pola yangunik untuk setiap orang. Pola ini unik dan juga memiliki kekonsistenan dankestabilan yang tinggi bertahun-tahun tanpa mengalami perubahan. Dari kondisiini, maka para ahli mata mengusulkan bahwa iris ini dapat dijadikan seperti sidik jari untuk identitas pribadi seseorang.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Iris Recognition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Seperti yang telah digambarkan sebelumnya, iris recognition ini menggunakan selaput pelangi mata yang dikodekan secara digital dan kemudian dijadikan kunci. Proses otentifikasinya membutuhkan dua tahap yaitu tahap identifikasi dan tahap verifikasi. Proses ini dapat dilakukan secara one-to-many (1:m) atau one-to one (1:1). Proses one-to-many akan melibatkan satu database yang berisi user id dan iris template masing-masing id. Proses capture akan dilanjutkan dengan searching database untuk mencari iris template yang cocok. Sedangkan proses one-to-one akan lebih pada membandingkan dua iris, yaitu hasil scan dan iris template yang sudah disimpan. Dari ke dua proses ini sudah tentu proses oneto-one lebih disukai sebab prosesnya lebih cepat karena pembandingan dilakukan dalam skala yang terbatas. Proses iris scan secara umum dapat dilihat pada gambar 2. Hasil dari image capture akan diubah menjadi template digital dengan melakukan mapping iris secara radial. Template ini berupa 512 byte kode iris.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;1. Metode Daugman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Hasil dari pekerjaan Daugman ini adalah dengan mengambil tekstur iris manusia yang tampak pada imej video secara real-time dan dikodekan dalam koefisien 2-D Gabor Wavelet skala banyak, dan kemudian bit paling signifikan akan menjadi kode iris 256 byte. Hasil akhir dari proses ini memiliki kecukupan dalam derajat kebebasan, atau membentuk variasi iris antar individu yang memiliki keunikan yang mirip dengan sidik jari konvensional. Proses ini masih diragukan apakah algoritma yang efisien dapat dapat dikembangkan until mengekstraksi deskripsi iris detail secara reliabel dari video live, menghasilkan kode padat dari iris (kompleksitas panjang minuscule versus ukuran data gambar),dan mengambil keputusan tentang identitas individual dengan tingkat keyakinan statistik yang tinggi. Masalah terakhir adalah apakah kemampuan proses dari general purpose microprocessor mampu memproses algoritma ini secara real-time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Implementasi Sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Sistem Daugman ini menggunakan sebuah kamera video, lensa, framegrabber, dan sebuah monitor tampilan yang dihubungkan ke sebuah komputer workstation. Sistem ini dapat diimplementasikan ke dalam 3 jenis penggunaan yaitu pendaftaran, verifikasi, dan autentifikasi. Proses pendaftaran dan verifikasi membutuhkan waktu yang cepat untuk pemrosesannya. Untuk versi komersialnya ditambahkan proses optimisasi dan penggunaan modul perangkat keras yang spesifik. pengenalan gambar yang digunakan adalah pengenalan batas lingkar irisyang memisahkan iris dengan white sclera. Proses ini dilakukan oleh edge detector dan tidakakan berhasil (batas lingkar tidak terdeteksi) jika mata tertutup dan/atau tidak ada mata di depan kamera. Sistem ini akan terus melakukan pengambilan gambar ke dalam beberapa sekuen hingga bentuk iris dikonfirmasi dari gambar terakhir yang terambil. Sistem nyatanya menyertakan sebuah display agar pengguna dapat terbantu memposisikan matanya. Prosedur ini juga menghasilkan pengukuran reaksi dari iris pupil efek dari penyinaran. Kegunaannya adalah untuk fasilitas yang memiliki tingkat keamanan yang sangat tinggi, sebab dewasa ini, iris dapat dipalsukan dengan contact lense.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Bentuk iris yang berupa lingkaran, untuk menentukan lokasinya dibutuhkan integrasi dan diferensiasi. Proses ini dilakukan dengan memperbesar rekayasa pengaburan gambar parsial, dan menambahkan batas radius r, dari integral kontur gambar yang dinormalisasi sepanjang busur radius dan pusat iris. Setelah iris dapat diperkirakan secara kasar, langkah selanjutnya adalah mendeteksi batas dalam pada pupil. Proses pendeteksian batas dalam ini mirip dengan proses sebelumnya, hanya menggunakan jangkauan pencarian batas yang lebih kecil. Setelah proses ini selesai, hasil akhir nya adalah lokasi yang presisi dari batas luar dan batas dalam iris.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-asaV636I/AAAAAAAAAA4/THsXAyiybPY/s320/untitled.bmp" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 126px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399704566016696226" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;2. Metode Wilde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Wilde yang membangun sistem yang mirip pada bagian ini akan dibahaslebih dalam. Setelah mendapatkan gambar iris dan proses filter area sekitarnyadan melakukan operasi dengan properti histogram, akan menghasilkan sebuah skema pemilihan untuk menggambarkan batas iris. Gambar ini akan difilter dengan low pass filter dan sub sampling untuk mengurangi noise. Sebuah detektor batas gradient akan memperkirakan batas iris dan kelopak mata. Kemudian pemilihan dilakukan dengan memilih yang paling cocok antara model dengan parameter batas yang ada. Untuk mengambil informasi spesifik yang ada pada iris terdapat pada area keseluruhan termasuk area yang lebih kecil dari piramid Lapace untul menerapkan transformasi 2-D. Perbandingan iris dilakukan dengan teknik registrasi berdasarkan area gambar. Kemudian akan dicari sebuah fungsi mapping untuk mendekatkan data gambar dengan model gambar. Sebuah nilai kecocokan akan dihitung untuk 4 pita melalui korelasi sebagian dan Diskriminan Linier Fisher akan melakukan evaluasi terdahap 4 nilai ini.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Implementasi Sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Pada penelitian sebelumnya, untuk memperoleh pengenalan yang bagus, gambar iris disarankan harus tajam dan memiliki resolusi tinggi. Posisi iris harus ditengah dan memiliki diameter sekitar 128 pixel. Konsep lainnya yang harus diperhitungkan untuk menghindari ketidaknyamanan user adalah tingkat iluminasi (intensitas cukup dan brightness tidak berlebih). Lebih jauh lagi, sistem harus mampu menghindari pemantulan cahaya yang akan menurunkan kemampuan pengenalan. Selain itu, pada sistem pengambilan gambar harus memiliki fungsi untuk segmentasi iris. Pada sistem ini, Wilde mengajukan sistem pengambilan gambar yang terdiri atas susunan 3 sub komponen yang memiliki fungsi antara lain&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;• Penangkapan fisik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Untuk menangkap gambar mata dengan kualitas dan resolusi yang tinggi, digunakan kamera putih (silicon Intensified SIT) dengan tingkat pencahayaan rendah digabungkan dengan penangkap frame standar (DASMFGM analog) dengan resolusi 512 x 480 piksel. Diameter iris sebenarnya menjadi 256 piksel pada array sensor pada penangkapan gambar 20 cm dari mata. Ukuran diameter yang dua kali lipat ini memungkinkan filter Gaussian low pass mengurangi noise frekuensi tinggi&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;• Iluminasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Untuk pencahayaan yang merata tanpa mengurangi kenyamanan pengguna,digunakan sebuah array cahaya (8.5 watt lampu quartzhalogen) diarahkan pada iris. Pencahayaan merata dapat dicapai dengan meletakkan filter (panel difusi) antara iris dengan kamera. Panel ini juga membantu mendistribusikan intensitas cahaya. Lensa kamera berada pada posisi tengah dari panel difusi ini. Akhirnya, untuk menghindari pengaruh refleksi, digunakan filter ke dua yang diletakkan didepan panel difusi yang berfungsi sebagai circular polariser. Polariser ini akan menahan refleksi kornea (atau objek bulat) agar tidak sampai ke kamera.Tapi polariser ini tidak menahan refleksi cahaya dari bagian mata (iris).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;•&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; Peletakan posisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Peletakan posisi mata menggunakan proses otomatis yang diarahkan oleh self positioning operator. Tujuannya adalah memberikan batasan pada tiga derajat kebebasan mata yang akan digambarkan dengan menempatkan mata di tengah array sensor pada fokus lensa. Hal ini bisa dicapai dengan menggunakan kontur segi empat dan membuat operator memposisikan mata dengan mengatur ukuran dan jarak relatif.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;• Segmentasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-dEqeHGKI/AAAAAAAAABY/Mt_-LIpi6VQ/s200/untitled2.bmp" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 149px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399707181686134946" /&gt;&lt;img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-dERhGdVI/AAAAAAAAABQ/mC9V9mrtEWA/s200/untitled1.bmp" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 172px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399707174987789650" /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;3. Metode Bole&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Metode terakhir yang diajukan Bole adalah didasarkan pada menghitung crossing yang bernilai nol pada transformasi wavelet. Diluar proses lokalisasi iris dan algoritma normalisasi, Metode Bole mengharuskan iris memiliki diameter yang sama dan titik-titik data yang sama. Dari tingkat warna abu sample gambar iris, diambil sinyal satu dimensi dan dijadikan sebagai ciri khas pokok iris. Kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Zero-Crossing berdasarkan transformasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;wavelet. Representasi zero-crossing ini disimpan sebagai template dandigunakan untuk algoritma pencocokan. Dengan cara ini diklaim bahwa pengaruh noise dapat dihilangkan karena zero-crossing tidak terpengaruh oleh noise. Lebih jauh lagi, transformasi 1 dimensi dan jumlah crossing yang sedikit akan meningkatkan kecepatan komputasi. Yang mengagumkan dari sistem ini adalah kemampuan transformasi wavelet untuk mengeliminasi efek pemendaran dan refleksi cahaya pada permukaan iris, sesuatu yang masih belum terpecahkan secara sempurna pada 2 metode sebelumnya. Hasil pengenalan yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan jumlah gambar yang sedikit dan pelaksanaannya tidak memakan banyak resource dengan hasil yang teliti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dua sistem pertama telah mendapatkan paten dan dijadikan objek pengujian dan evaluasi performansi lebih jauh. Keduanya memiliki 3 modul yangsama yaitu pengambilan gambar, lokalisasi iris, dan pencocokan pola. Selama proses evolusi metode Daugman, hasil sempurna diperoleh dengan pengujian 592 iris. Sistem diuji lebih jauh dengan evaluasi IriScan diluar percobaan selama evolusi penelitian. Pada penelitian ke dua, produk komersial telah dipasang pada tempat publik di Laboratorium Nasional Sandia, NM. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap, tahap pendaftaran dari 122 orang menghasilkan 199 gambar iris. Kemudian proses identifikasi dilakukan. Dari orang yang berpartisipasi, dilakukan 878 kali proses identifikasi dan dihasilkan 89 kali kesalahan penolakan. Tapi 47 kali diantaranya diminta oleh sistem untuk mencoba lagi, semua sukses kecuali 16 kasus. Di sisi lain, tidak ada hasil kesalaan penerimaan dan kesalahan diketahui akibat refleksi cahaya kacamata dan kekurangan pengguna.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;img src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-hg--CFyI/AAAAAAAAABg/_R7SKE3q66o/s320/untitled3.bmp" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399712066271581986" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 258px; " /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6584841518609250133?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6584841518609250133/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/perbandingan-3-metode-iris-scan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6584841518609250133'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6584841518609250133'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/11/perbandingan-3-metode-iris-scan.html' title='Perbandingan 3 Metode Iris Scan'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_Qv7-NnfTNSQ/Su-X7LeR8JI/AAAAAAAAAAw/zWQrHZfjywY/s72-c/skema+mata.bmp' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-6931224165996691134</id><published>2009-10-28T05:22:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:37:43.224-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Tense</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);   line-height: 19px; font-family:verdana;font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 255); font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Simple Present and present progressive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Something smells (smell) very good&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;We are eating (eat) diner of seven o'clock tonight&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;He practices (practice) the piano every day&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;They are driving (drive) to school tomorrow&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;I believing (believe) you&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Maria has (have) a cold&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jorge is swimming (swim) right now&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jhon hates (hate) smoke&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jil always gets (get) up at 6.00 am&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jerry is mowing (mow) the lawn now&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 255); font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Simple past tense and past progressive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Gene was eat (eat) dinner when his friend called&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;While maria was cleaning the apartment,her husband was sleeping (sleep)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;At three o'clock this morning, Eleanor was studying (study)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;When mark arrived, the Jhonsons were having (have) dinner, but they stopped a order to talk to him&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;John went (go) to France last year&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;When the teacher enter (enter) the room, the studies were talking&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;While john was writing the report, henry was looking (look) for more information&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;We saw (see) this movie last night&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;At the time, Mr Roberts owned (own) this building&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jose was writing (write) a letter to his family. when his pencil broke (break).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255); font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Present perfect and simple past&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;John wrote (write) his report last night&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Bob has seen (see) this movie before&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jorge has read (read) the news paper already&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Mr Jhonson has work (work) in the same place for thirty five year and he is not planing to retrive get&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;We haven't begin (begin/negative) to study for he test yet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;George went (go) to the store at ten o'clock this morning.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Joan has travel (travel) around the world&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Betty wrote (write) a letter last night&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Guilermo called (call) his employer yesterday&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;We haven't seen(see/negative) this movie yet&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-6931224165996691134?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/6931224165996691134/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/tense.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6931224165996691134'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/6931224165996691134'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/tense.html' title='Tense'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-127063406586312593</id><published>2009-10-28T05:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:37:58.630-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teknologi'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Mengamankan Bagian yang Sering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Terlupakan Dalam Keamanan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Jaringan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Fakta di sekitar kita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Internet, dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tanpa mereka sadari telah mengubah cara orang bekerja, berkomunikasi, bekerjasama, melakukan kegiatan jual dan beli, bersosialisasi, dan lain-lain. Pemberian akses yang terkontrol kepada mitra adalah hal yang paling praktis sebagai upaya mempermudah kerjasama kedua-belah pihak. Namun dengan mengijinkan mitra menjelajah lebih dalam pada jaringan perusahaan yang mengaburkan batasan antara luar dan dalam? Saya tidak percaya jika ada sebuah perusahaan yang bersedia jika rahasia dapurnya diketahui oleh orang lain. Anggapan tradisional tentang keamanan jaringan mengasumsikan bahwa koneksi dibelakang firewall adalah aman dan koneksi diluar firewall adalah rawan, tidak mampu menjamin bahwa aset berharga perusahaan dapat terlindungi dengan baik. Saat ini jaringan bisnis berskala besar membutuhkan yang mampu mengamankan sampai kesemua end-points baik yang berada di dalam maupun di luar lingkup jaringan perusahaan. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;====================================================================&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Dibalik perlindungan Firewall &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Perlindungan Firewall konvensional hanya melindungi bagian dalam dari jaringan. Firewall akan memfilter serta mengaudit traffic yang melintasi perbatasan antara jaringan luar maupun dalam. Bagaimanapun, Firewall tidakdirancang untuk melindungi koneksi individu dalam sebuah jaringan. Hal ini dapat dianalogikan sebagai mengunci pintu gerbang, namun tidak membiarkan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;pintu masuk kedalam rumah atau pintu kamar - siapapun yang berhasil melewati pintu gerbang, tentunya akan sangat mudah menjelajah isi ruangan. Tipe jaringan seperti diatas sangatlah berisiko tinggi sebagai attack target. Sebagai contoh, seorang attacker yang mengincar server atau workstation yang terletak dalam jaringan internal (LAN - Local Area Network), begitu ia mendapatkan akses masuk ke mesin tersebut, mereka dapat menggunakannya sebagai jumping box untuk menjebol masuk ke sistem lain yang berada di dalam jaringan yang sama. Cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk menyiasati kondisi tersebut adalah dengan mengunci setiap ruangan. Kurang lebih sama seperti solusi yang ditawarkan firewall yang diperuntukkan pada desktop, notebook, atau server yang berada dalam LAN. Dengan memasang firewall pada titik-titik rawan dapat memberikan kemudahan akses pada pengguna untuk memperoleh atau menempatkan informasi-informasi penting. Dengan metode end-to-end security ini, tidak akan menimbulkan masalah apabila pengguna terhubung dalam intranet, extranet, VPN atau remote access. Metode tersebut juga dapat mencegah intrusion pada sebuah host untuk menyebar ke host lain yang restricted-access pada network yang sama.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;====================================================================&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Kontrol keamanan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Walaupun semua perusahaan seharusnya memahami soal keamanan jaringan, beberapa harus memberikan perhatian yang lebih. Mereka yang menyimpan mendistribusikan data penting membutuhkan solusi yang lebih rumit. Mereka yang membutuhkan solusi ekstra diantaranya adalah institusi keuangan, pemerintahan, jasa asuransi, pengembang, dan rumah-sakit. Ada banyak dari mereka yang sudah terhubungkan melalui jaringan - baik private maupun via Internet - ke kantor cabang, mitra kerja, sehingga pertukaran informasi dapat menjadi sangat mudah. Sebagaimana jaringanyang berkembang menjadi sangat distributif, solusi keamanan jaringan harus ikut menyesuaikan diri. Melengkapi hardware dengan solusi keamanan ekstra - menempatkan kunci tambahan pada setiap pintu ruangan - menjadi opsi yang konsisten, hal tersebut terdengar seperti sudah menjadi kebijakan keamanan antar jaringan. Untuk perlindungan secara fisik, hardware dapat dilengkapi dengan cryptocard, atau biometric scanner – scanner yang dapat mengenali siapa saja yang berhak mengakses berdasarkan anatomi tubuh seperti retina mata, sidik jari, dan suara. Sedangkan solusi dengan menggunakan software, dapat berupa personal firewall dan anti-virus scanner.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;====================================================================&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Perlindungan secara kontinyu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Sering saya mendengar beberapa rekan yang mengeluh karena jaringan yang menurut mereka sudah aman, ternyata masih dapat disusupi oleh crackers. Saya pikir dengan menyerahkan begitu saja tugas menjaga keamanan kepada software atau hardware, tidak dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang timbul. Perlu dilakukannya auditing secara berkala - secara lebih spesifik, security audit - untuk memeriksa cacat yang ada pada software atau hardware. Jika dirasa mampu, mungkin dengan mempekerjakan tenaga profesional yang untuk mengaudit keamanan jaringan, dapat meringankan beban Anda. Selain itu, ada hal lain yang dirasa penting: beri pemahaman kepada karwayan - terutama mereka yang menggunakan jaringan - agar mengerti soal keamanan jaringan! Mereka adalah salah satu kunci yang tidak boleh terlupakan. Karyawan yang tidak memahami benar soal keamanan data dan jaringan akan menjadi bumerang bagi perusahaan. Sebagai ilustrasi nyata, beberapa waktu yang lalu, saya menerima e-mail dari seseorang yang tidak saya kenal, dimana pada e-mail tersebut disertakan attachment berisi data pegawai perusahaan Y - berikut daftar gaji, anggota keluarga, pendidikan terakhir, dan lain sebagainya. Data yang menurut saya adalah data penting dimana tidak sembarang orang boleh tahu. E-mail tersebut tentu tidak mungkin dikirimkan dengan sengaja, e-mail terkirim sebagai akibat terinfeksinya komputer sipengirim oleh Worm. Menurut saya, terjadinya kebocoran informasi seperti yang baru saya sebut diatas, tidak mungkin terjadi jika pengguna adalah seseorang yang memahami benar soal keamanan data, karena ia akan melindungi data penting yang disimpannya dengan baik, juga akan memasang anti-virus - sudah tentu rajin mengupdatenya. Sungguh, sangat disayangkan sekali hal itu dapat terjadi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;====================================================================&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Sedikit paranoid itu perlu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Dengan semakin seringnya tersiar isu keamanan jaringan, tidak mengherankan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan besar yang sudah terintegrasi dengan jaringan - menggunakan LAN, VPN, atau Internet - akan benar-benar mempertimbangan isu tersebut demi berlangsungnya bisnis yang tengah berjalan. Sebagaimana crackers dan penulis virus/worms semakin cerdik, maka tingkat kewaspadaan harus semakin ditingkatkan. Penggunaan produk keamanan jaringan mungkin akan menjadi sebuah keharusan. Telah tersedia banyak dipasaran, produk personal firewall dan anti-virus yang dapat diintegrasikan kedalam notebook, desktop, dan server yang menjadikan sistem lebih aman dan terkendali. Mereka yang menghendaki keamanan ekstra sebaiknya meminta vendor untuk mengintegrasikan firewall untuk mengamankan bagian yang sering terlupakan dalam keamanan jaringan: personal computer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;source :&lt;a href="http://www.magnesium.net/"&gt; http://www.magnesium.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-127063406586312593?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/127063406586312593/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/mengamankan-bagian-yang-sering.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/127063406586312593'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/127063406586312593'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/mengamankan-bagian-yang-sering.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-8594966610595352604</id><published>2009-10-28T05:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:38:15.290-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'>Past Perfect</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(85, 85, 85);   line-height: 19px; font-family:verdana;font-size:12px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;.:S + had + V3 + O:.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Past perfect is used to indicate&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; margin-top: 25px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; padding-left: 20px; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; background-image: url(http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_W0YRqd_1yVw/StUew4JZfhI/AAAAAAAAAHc/HkgX_UEf3jE/s1600/bullet.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); padding-bottom: 10px; line-height: 19px; background-position: 0% 50%; "&gt;An action that happend before another action in the past,There usually are two actions in the sentence&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;. John had gone to the store before he went home&lt;br /&gt;. John told us yesterday, that he had visited england in 1970&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S + had + V3 + before + S + V2&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;. John went home after he had gone to the store&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;S + V2 + after + S + had + V3&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;. Before John went home, he had gone to the store&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Before + S + V2 + S + had + V3&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;.After John had gone to the store, he went home.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After + S + had + V3 + S + V2&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; margin-top: 25px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;li style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; padding-left: 20px; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; background-image: url(http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_W0YRqd_1yVw/StUew4JZfhI/AAAAAAAAAHc/HkgX_UEf3jE/s1600/bullet.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); padding-bottom: 10px; line-height: 19px; background-position: 0% 50%; "&gt;A state which continued for a tim in the past, but stopped before now.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;. Abdul had live in new york for ten year before he moved to california&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Past Perfect Progresive (continous) for category 2 of past perfect only, we can use the past perfect continous&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;S + had + been + Ving + ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;. Abdul had been living in New York for ten years before he moved to california&lt;br /&gt;=============================================&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Excercise&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;The policemen read the suspect his right after he &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had arrested&lt;/span&gt; (arrest) him&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;After John &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had wash&lt;/span&gt; (wash) his clothes. he began to study.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;George &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had waited&lt;/span&gt; (wait) for one hour before the bus come&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Maria &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;entered&lt;/span&gt; (enter) the university after she had graduated from the community college&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jeanette &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;washed&lt;/span&gt; (wash) the pipettes after she had completed the experiment&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;Jane sent a letter to her university after she &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;has received&lt;/span&gt; (receive) he scholarship check&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;After the stewardesses had served lunch to the passengers, they the &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;sat&lt;/span&gt; (sit) down&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;The car &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had flipped&lt;/span&gt; (flip) the time before it landed on its roof&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;we corrected our papers after we &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had taken&lt;/span&gt; (take) the quit&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;John &lt;span style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "&gt;had lived&lt;/span&gt; (live) in miami for one year when his parents come to visit&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-8594966610595352604?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/8594966610595352604/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/past-perfect.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8594966610595352604'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8594966610595352604'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/past-perfect.html' title='Past Perfect'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-2210155488539833256</id><published>2009-10-12T21:19:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:38:39.006-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teknologi'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:14.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Multimedia Dalam Berbagai Bidang&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;komponen-komponen&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;data&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;processing&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;system,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;berupa &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;program-program&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;mengontrol&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bekerjanya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sistem&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;komputer&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ini digolongkan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menjadi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tiga&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bagian&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yaitu&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bahasa&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pemrograman&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sistem multimedia dan perangkat lunak aplikasi multimedia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"  style="mso-ansi-language: SV;color:black;"&gt;Bahasa Pemrograman Multimedia &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Bahasa&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pemrograman&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bahasa-bahasa&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;digunakan programmer&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk membuat aplikasi multimedia. Contohnya Assembly, C, C++, Power Builder, &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Delphi&lt;/st1:place&gt;, SQL, Visual Basic, dan Java. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"  style="mso-ansi-language: SV;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Sistem (System Software) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ini&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;terdiri&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dari&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Sistem&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;operasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(Operating&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;System) misalnya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;DOS&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(Disc&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Operating &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;System), Windows 95/98/ME, Windows NT/2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, UNIX, Linux atau Mac OS. Perangkat lunak lainnya adalah aplikasi utilitas (utility application) misalnya aplikasi Antivirus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"  style="mso-ansi-language: SV;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Aplikasi Multimedia &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;merupakan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi-aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dibuat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;oleh&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;personal atau &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;organisasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;user&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;beroperasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bidang-bidang multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;spesifik&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;seperti&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;grafik&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;2D, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;modeling dan animasi. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Pengolah Teks &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pengolah&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;teks&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;banyak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;digunakan misalnya Microsoft Word, Word&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Star&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;for Windows, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Word Perfect dan Star Writer, sedangkan beberapa aplikasi pengolah teks yang bersifat open source &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;misalnya Open Writer, KWriter dan Abi Word. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Pengolah Animasi dan Grafik 2D &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi pengolah grafik 2D dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;a.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Grafik 2D Vector, misalnya Corel Draw, Macromedia Freehand dan Adobe Illustrator. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;b.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Grafik 2D Image (Raster), misalnya Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, Gimp. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;c.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Animasi, misalnya Macromedia Flash. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Pengolah Animasi dan Modeling Grafik 3D &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Contoh&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dari&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Animasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;modeling&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Grafik&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;3D&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;3D&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Studio&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;MAX,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Maya, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Softimage, LightWave, Blender dan lain sebagainya. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Authoring Multimedia &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Authoring&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;merupakan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;komputer&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;memberikan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;peluang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kepada&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pengguna&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;mengembangkan sebuah perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak dengan dragging dan dropping berbagai objek multimedia &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;tanpa harus mengetahui penggunaan dan pemahaman bahasa pemrograman, misalnya Macromedia &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Authoring, sedangkan aplikasi authoring yang dilengkapi dengan pemrograman misalnya Macromedia &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Director dengan dilengkapi Lingo (Bahasa pemrograman). &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Jenis perangkat ini dibagi menjadi tiga kategori yaitu authoring berbasis halaman, authoring berbasis &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;icon dan authoring berbasis waktu. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="mso-tab-count:1"&gt;               &lt;/span&gt;Authoring berbasis halaman merupakan authoring yang bekerja berbasis halaman atau buku dengan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;mengorganisasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;elemen-elemen&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;halaman&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;atau&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;buku&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tersebut. Contoh&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dari&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ini&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;HyperCard dan ToolBook Assistant. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Authoring&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;berbasis&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;icon&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menggunakan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;konsep&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;flowchart&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;membuat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aliran&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;elemen-elemen &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;multimedia yang dihubungkan bersama atau secara sendiri-sendiri yang secara khusus menampilkan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;diagram&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;alir&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aktivitas&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sepanjang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;jalur&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;percabangan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;contohnya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Microsoft&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Power&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Point&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan Macromedia Authorware. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Authoring&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;berbasis&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;waktu&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;merupakan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pengembangan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;paket&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sebagai&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pengorganisasian &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;objek sepanjang lini waktu. Frame yang diorganisasikan secara berurut kemudian ditampilkan kembali &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;kepada pengguna. Contoh aplikasi yang menggunakan cara ini adalah Macromedia Director. &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Authoring DVD adalah aplikasi yang digunakan untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menampilkan menu interaktif movie, contohnya &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;adalah Pinnacle Impression, Sonic ReelDVD dan Ulead DVD Workshop. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Perangkat Lunak Aplikasi Berbasis Web &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Contoh produk-produk mendesain web antara&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lain adalah Macromedia Flash&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang digunakan untuk &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;membuat animasi grafis pada web, Macromedia Dreamweaver dan Microsoft Front Page. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia untuk keunggulan bersaing di perusahaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perusahaan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;di&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;berbagai&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bidang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;antara&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lain&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sumber&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;daya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;manusia, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;produksi/operasi, akuntansi dan keuangan, sistem informasi dan pemasaran. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi pada Bidang Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Multimedia merupakan media pelatihan yang baik dan menarik yang dikenal dengan istilah Computer &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Based Training&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(CBT). Misalnya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;peusahaan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;IntallShield membuat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perangkat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lunak multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;khususkan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;training.&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lain misalnya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;rekrutmen&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;karyawan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;seperti&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dilakukan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;oleh L’OREAL. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi dalam Bidangn Produksi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Penggunaan aplikasi ini digunakan untuk merancang dan merakayasa suatu produk misalnya alat-alat &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;elektronik dan mesin bahkan dapat pula digunakan untuk memonitor dan mengontrol proses produksi dan berkembang menuju ke sistem manufaktur terintegrasi berbasisi multimedia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi dalam Bidang Pelayanan Keuangan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Bidang pelayanan keuangan meliputi pelayanan keuangan personal, pajak, perencanaan keuangan, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;sumber pinjaman dan perbankan. Contohnya adalah situs SmartMoney.com. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi dalam Bidang Sistem Informasi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bidang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ini&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;misalnya&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Sistem&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Informasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Akuntansi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(SIA), &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Sistem &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Informasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Manajemen&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(SIM),&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Decision&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Support&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;System&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(DSS)&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Executive Information System (EIS). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Otomatisasi Kantor &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Dua&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;digunakan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;area&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;otomatisasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kantor&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yaitu&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;workgroup&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;computing&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;memungkinkan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;beberapa&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;orang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk memakai&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;komputer&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sama&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pada&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;saat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bersamaan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pula. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Peserta diskusi melihat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tampilan bersama yang meliputi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;rangkaian media&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;lengkap,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;termasuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;fotigrafi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;video&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bergerak. Aplikasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kedua&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;adalah Desktop Video Conferencing&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang memungkinkan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;peserta&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;melakukan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;konferensi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;video&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sambil&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;duduk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;di&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;meja&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;masing-masing&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dengan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menggunakan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;layar CP atau televisi yang tehubung. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi dalam Bidang Pemasaran &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Penerapan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bidang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ini&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tertuju&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kepada&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;aktivitas&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pemasaran,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;khususnya aktivitas promosi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang meliputi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;periklanan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;promosi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;penjualan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;penjualan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perseorangan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;public&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;realtion&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;penjualan langsung termasuk penjualan melalui jaringan internet. Contoh dari aplikasi ini adalah: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"    style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language:SVfont-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style=" line-height:150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Periklanan televisi &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Interactive&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Merchandising&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;(cara&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perusahaan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;untuk&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;menjangkau&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;melayani pelanggan) &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Merchandising Kiosk &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Video Kiosk &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Virtual Shopping &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Comparison Shopping &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style=" line-height:150%;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family:Wingdings;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;Ø&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Mass Market Application &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia di Bidang Travel &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Apliaksi berbasis Web digunakan sebagai penerapan layanan perjalanan yang di dalamnya termasuk &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;informasi biaya perjalanan, travel news, fitur paket&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;liburan, dan pemesanan online untuk lodging dan &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;transportasi melalui darat, laut dan udara. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Bidang Real Estate &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:36.0pt;line-height: 150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Multimedia komputer memungkinkan pembeli mengunjungi ratusan properti lewat dunia maya, melihat &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;foto rumah on-screen, memeriksa perencanaan lantai, melihat peta jalan, dan mempelajari demografi sekeliling rumah. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Bidang Kesehatan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Dalam&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;bidang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kesehatan, multimedia&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dapat mendukung&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pelayanan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;fasilitas&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;sistem&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kesehatan, &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ilmu&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kesehatan,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kantor&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;pendidikan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;medis,&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;perpustakaan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ilmu&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;kesehatan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;fotografi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;medis&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;serta &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;pelayanan produksi median. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Bidang Hiburan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Dalam bidang hiburan multimedia digunakan dalam film, musik, radio interaktif, televisi interaktif, game elektronik. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Bidang Publishing &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Banyak&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;informasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dapat&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dipublikasikan&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;secara&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;elektronik&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;melalui&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;dokumentasi&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;elektronik &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;misalnya penyajian buku yang setiap materinya dapat terdiri dari grafik, animasi, audio dan video. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Bidang Pendidikan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height: 150%;mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi multimedia pendidikan antara lain sebagai perangkat lunak pengajaran, memberikan fasilitas &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;untuk mahasiswa atau siswa untuk belajar mengambil keuntungan dari multimedia, belajar jarak jauh &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;dan pemasaran pendidikan. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="SV"   style="line-height:150%; mso-ansi-language:SVfont-size:11.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Pemerintahan &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:36.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%; font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Aplikasi multimedia yang paling menonjol dalam bidang kepemerintahan adalah E-Government, Profil &lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Departemen dan Kios Informasi tentang &lt;st1:city st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Kota&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;Sumber Pustaka: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:9.0pt;color:black;"&gt;M. Suyanto. 2003. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;MULTIMEDIA Alat untuk Meningkatkan Keunggulan Bersaing&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;. ANDI OFFSET. &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Yogyakarta&lt;/st1:place&gt;. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%;mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height:150%;font-size:10.0pt;color:black;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-2210155488539833256?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/2210155488539833256/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/perangkat-lunak-multimedia-dalam.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/2210155488539833256'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/2210155488539833256'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/perangkat-lunak-multimedia-dalam.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-8439809462730862033</id><published>2009-10-12T21:19:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:38:55.778-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 1 (09-10-09)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;Simple Present and Present Progressive&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Something &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;smells&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      very good.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;We &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;are      eating&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; dinner a seven o’clock tonight.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;He &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;practices&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      the piano every day.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;They &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;is      driving&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; to school tomorrow.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;I &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;believed&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      you.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Maria &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;has&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      a cold.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Jorge &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;is      swimming&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; right now.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;John &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;hates&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      smoke.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Jill always &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;gets&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      up at 6.00 am.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Terry &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;is      morning&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; the lawn now.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;Simple Past Tense and Past Progressive&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Gene &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was      eating&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; dinner when his friend called.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;While Maria &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was      cleaning&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; the apartment, her husband &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:      normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was sleeping&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;At three o’clock this morning, cleaner &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was studying&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;When Mark arrived, the Jhonsons &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;were having&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; dinner, but they      stopped to order to talk to him.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;John &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;went&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      to &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;      last year.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;When the teacher &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:      normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;entered&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; the room, the student’s were talking.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;While Joan was writing the report, Henry &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was looking&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; for more      information.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;We &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;saw&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      this movie last night.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;At one time, Mr. Robets &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:      normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;owner&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; this building.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Jose &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;was      writing&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; a letter to his family when his pencils &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;broke&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;Present Perfect and Simple Past&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;John &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;wrote&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      his report last night.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Bob &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;has      seen&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; this movie before.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Jorge &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;has      read&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; the newspaper already.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Mr. Johnson &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;has      worked&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; in the same places for thirty five years and he is not      planning to retire yet.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;we &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;have      began&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; to study for test yet.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;George &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;went&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      to the store at ten o’clock this morning.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Joan &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;has      travel&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; around the world.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Betty &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;wrote&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      a letter last night.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;Gailermo &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;called&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;      his employer yesterday.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;      tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;We &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;have      seen&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt; this movie yet. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:150%"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-8439809462730862033?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/8439809462730862033/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/bahasa-inggris-bisnis-1-09-10-09-simple.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8439809462730862033'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8439809462730862033'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/bahasa-inggris-bisnis-1-09-10-09-simple.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-3804744052676399259</id><published>2009-10-09T00:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:39:18.941-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='other'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  color: rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family:'Trebuchet MS', Verdana, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;#include &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;stdio.h style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/stdio.h&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;stdlib.h style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/stdlib.h&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#include &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;ctype.h style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "&gt;&lt;/ctype.h&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;#define SPASI 0x20&lt;br /&gt;#define KOSONG 0x0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;int main(int argc, char *argv[])&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;    char kalimat[255] = {0};&lt;br /&gt;    int jumlah;&lt;br /&gt;   printf("Masukkan Kalimat : ");&lt;br /&gt;   gets(kalimat);&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   for(int i=0;kalimat[i] != KOSONG;i++)&lt;br /&gt;        {&lt;br /&gt;         jumlah = 1;&lt;br /&gt;         if(isdigit(kalimat[i]))&lt;br /&gt;             {&lt;br /&gt;              printf("Error: menemukan angka di dalam kalimat\n");&lt;br /&gt;              exit(1);&lt;br /&gt;              }&lt;br /&gt;   for(int j=i+1;kalimat[j] != KOSONG;j++)&lt;br /&gt;        {&lt;br /&gt;        if(kalimat[i] != SPASI || kalimat[j] != SPASI)&lt;br /&gt;        {&lt;br /&gt;        if(kalimat[i] == kalimat[j])&lt;br /&gt;             {&lt;br /&gt;              kalimat[j] = SPASI;&lt;br /&gt;             ++jumlah;&lt;br /&gt;              }&lt;br /&gt;        }&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;if(kalimat[i] != SPASI)&lt;br /&gt;printf("%c = %d\n",kalimat[i],jumlah);&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;br /&gt;return 0;&lt;br /&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"  style="font-size:medium;"&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-3804744052676399259?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/3804744052676399259/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/include-include-include-define-spasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/3804744052676399259'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/3804744052676399259'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/include-include-include-define-spasi.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-513170479042035764</id><published>2009-10-05T20:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:39:34.825-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  line-height: 22px; font-family:'Trebuchet MS';font-size:13px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;Determines 10/09/09&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;He doesnt't here (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;much&lt;/span&gt;/many) money&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;I would like (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;a few&lt;/span&gt; / little ) salt of vegetable&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;she bought (that / &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;those&lt;/span&gt;) cards last night&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;there are (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;less&lt;/span&gt; / fewer) student in this room that in the next room&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;there is (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;too much&lt;/span&gt; / too many) bad news in the televison tonight&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;I do not want (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;this&lt;/span&gt; / these) water&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this is ( too many / &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;too much&lt;/span&gt;) information to learn&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;a (few / &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;little&lt;/span&gt; ) people left early&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;would you like (less / &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;fewer&lt;/span&gt;) coffee than this?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;this jacket cost ( &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "&gt;too much&lt;/span&gt; / too many)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-513170479042035764?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/513170479042035764/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/determines-100909-he-doesntt-here-much.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/513170479042035764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/513170479042035764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/determines-100909-he-doesntt-here-much.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-5147661927283046109</id><published>2009-10-01T21:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:39:51.469-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bahasa Inggris dan bisnis 1'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:14.0pt;"&gt;OTHER&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;&lt;u&gt;With      count nouns&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Un + other + singular noun&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt"&gt;(one more)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt"&gt;Ex :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:36.0pt"&gt;Another pencil -&gt; one more pencil&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The + other + singular noun &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:18.0pt"&gt;(last of the set )&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:18.0pt"&gt;Ex : &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:18.0pt"&gt;The other pencil -&gt; the last pencil present&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:18.0pt"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Other + plural noun &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;(more of the set)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;Ex :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;Other pencils -&gt; some more pencils&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The other + plural noun&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;(the rest of the set)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;Ex :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;The other pencils -&gt; all remaining pencils&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;&lt;u&gt;With      noun count nouns&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Other + noun – count nouns&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;(more of the set)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;Ex :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;Other water -&gt; some more water&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops:list 54.0pt"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-list:Ignore"&gt;·&lt;span style="font:7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;"&gt;        &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The other + noun – count nouns&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;(all the rest)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;The other water -&gt; the remaining water&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:54.0pt"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt"&gt;&lt;b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Exercise &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;This      pen isn’t working. Please give me &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; (singular).&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;if      you’re still thirsty. I’ll make &lt;u&gt;the other &lt;/u&gt;pot of coffee.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;this      dictionary has a page missing. Please give me &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; one (the      last one).&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;he      doesn’t need these books. He needs &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; (all the remaining).&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;the      are thirsty people in the room. Twenty are from &lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Latin       America&lt;/st1:place&gt; and &lt;u&gt;the other &lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;are from &lt;u&gt;other&lt;/u&gt; countries.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;six      people were in the store. Two were buying meat &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; was      looking at magazines.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;the      glass of milks sour &lt;u&gt;another&lt;/u&gt; glass of milk is sour too.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;the      army was practicing it’s drinks. One group was doing artillery practice. &lt;u&gt;Other      &lt;/u&gt;was marching. &lt;u&gt;Another &lt;/u&gt;was at attention and &lt;u&gt;the other&lt;/u&gt; was      practicing combat tactics.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;there      are seven students from &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Japan&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.      &lt;u&gt;Other &lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;are from &lt;st1:country-region st="on"&gt;&lt;st1:place st="on"&gt;Iran&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and &lt;u&gt;the      other&lt;/u&gt; from &lt;u&gt;other&lt;/u&gt; places.&lt;/li&gt;  &lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"&gt;we      looked at tours cars today. The first two were far too expensive. But &lt;u&gt;the      other&lt;/u&gt; ones were reasonably priced.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;Note : another and other are non specific while the other is specific, if the subject is understood, one can omit the noun and keep the determiner and other. So that other function as a pro noun. If it is a plural count noun that is omitted, other becomes other. The word other can never be plural if it is followed by a noun. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun:yes"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-5147661927283046109?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/5147661927283046109/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/other-with-count-nouns-un-other.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5147661927283046109'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/5147661927283046109'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/10/other-with-count-nouns-un-other.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-8196278222797280343</id><published>2009-09-30T02:19:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:40:10.828-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Olahraga'/><title type='text'>FROM URUGUAY WITH LOVE - Cerita Syamsir Alam: Sebentar Lagi Kami Pulang Ke Indonesia - Goal.com</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.goal.com/id-ID/news/1387/nasional/2009/09/19/1510311/from-uruguay-with-love-cerita-syamsir-alam-sebentar-lagi"&gt;FROM URUGUAY WITH LOVE - Cerita Syamsir Alam: Sebentar Lagi Kami Pulang Ke Indonesia - Goal.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shared via &lt;a href="http://addthis.com/"&gt;AddThis&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-8196278222797280343?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/8196278222797280343/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/from-uruguay-with-love-cerita-syamsir.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8196278222797280343'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/8196278222797280343'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/from-uruguay-with-love-cerita-syamsir.html' title='FROM URUGUAY WITH LOVE - Cerita Syamsir Alam: Sebentar Lagi Kami Pulang Ke Indonesia - Goal.com'/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-276068645526014411</id><published>2009-09-29T21:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:40:25.446-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Olahraga'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px; font-family:Verdana;font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Bobotoh Korsel Mendukung Persib&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;SEKITAR pukul 17.30 WIB, saya baru tiba di kantor dan langsung menyalakan komputer di meja kerja saya. Sekitar 5 menit kemudian, tiba-tiba seorang rekan memberikan surat kepada saya. Surat tersebut berkop Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Kantor Atase Perdagangan, 55 Youido, Youngdeungpo-ku, Seoul South Korea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surat tersebut sempat memuat saya terperanjat. Pasalnya, surat tersebut langsung ditujukan kepada saya lengkap dengan kode wartawan saya. Dari mana pengirim ini tahu kode wartawan saya?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Setelah saya lihat pengirimnya, ternyata surat tersebut berasal dari Hendri Widyanto, S.Sos., Viking South Korea (VSK) dengan alamat Asialand-Kyongkiod-Danwonggu Wonggo Kidong Asansi South Korea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Melalui surat tersebut ternyata VSK ingin memberitahukan bahwa mereka akan segera diresmikan bulan depan atau akhir musim panas (yorum). Sebenarnya VSK telah didirikan sejak 30 Desember 2006. Rencananya, peresmian akan dilaksanakan di Hard Rock Cafe Itaewon Kota Yongsan dan kemudian di Warung Indonesia Kota Ansan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam kepengurusan yang akan diresmikan, Hendri menjabat sebagai Humas/Marketing. Sedangkan Ketua dijabat oleh Agung Banjaran dan beranggotakan sekitar 1.500 orang yang tersebar di 12 kota. Sekretariat VSK berada di Kota Ansan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anggota VSK berasal dari kalangan pelajar, mahasiswa, staf kedutaan besar, tenaga kerja, serta kelompok paguyuban. Anggota mereka tidak hanya berasal dari kota-kota di Jawa Barat, tetapi juga berasal dari Tegal, Blitar, Semarang, Purwokerto, Kediri, Solo, dan Surabaya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meski berada jauh di perantauan, namun loyalitas dan kecintaannya terhadap Persib tidak kurang dari bobotoh yang berada di Kota Bandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam surat tertanggal 14 September 2009 tersebut, perkumpulan bobotoh Persib berawal dari klub sepak bola Jabar atau Parahyangan Football Club ini pun siap membantu Persib. Anggota VSK siap menyumbangkan 10.000 won atau sekitar Rp 70.000. Sumbangan tersebut akan dikoordinasikan dengan Viking yang berada di Kota Bandung.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mereka ingin Persib menjadi jawara Liga Super Indonesia seperti saat Liga Indonesia I. Untuk meraih gelar juara, VSK menyarankan agar lini belakang lebih diperkuat. Dan, mereka meminta agar Kosin Hathairattanakool kembali dikontrak. .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para bobotoh dari Negeri Gingseng ini pun menitipkan pesan kepada Pemkot Bandung untuk segera menyelesaikan pembangunan stadion untuk Persib.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mereka juga menginginkan agar PT Persib Bandung bermartabat (PT PB&lt;img src="http://www.vikingpersib.net/images/smiley/cool.gif" alt="smiley" /&gt; menjadi perusahaan yang bonafide dan transparan. Sehingga PT PBB dapat menjunjung tinggi citra baik Persib Bandung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="  -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 1px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 1px;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11px;"&gt;Source : &lt;a href="http://www.klik-galamedia.com/"&gt;www.klik-galamedia.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-276068645526014411?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/276068645526014411/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/bobotoh-korsel-mendukung-persib-sekitar.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/276068645526014411'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/276068645526014411'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/bobotoh-korsel-mendukung-persib-sekitar.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1145412840164320982.post-1709295630019360014</id><published>2009-09-29T21:11:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2009-12-19T21:40:39.018-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Olahraga'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(85, 26, 139); text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(0, 51, 153);   font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; font-family:verdana;font-size:15px;"&gt;Permainan Persib Mulai Solid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span"   style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);   font-family:verdana;font-size:11px;"&gt;Permainan yang diperagakan pasukan "Pangeran Biru" saat melawan Persebaya di Stadion Gelora 10 Nopember Surabaya, Selasa (29/9) dinilai sudah baik. Apalagi jika dibandingkan dengan saat Persib menghadapi Deltras Sidoarjo, Minggu (27/9).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pelatih Jaya Hartono menilai kerja sama pemain sudah terjalin baik. Walaupun terus ditekan lawan sepanjang pertandingan, pemain bisa disiplin menjaga posnya, sehingga serangan yang dilancarkan lawan selalu berhasil diredam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dalam pertandingan ini, Jaya tetap memasang formasi 3-4-3. Lini belakang tetap dipercayakannya kepada trio Wildansyah, Christian Rene, dan Edi Hafid. Sementara lini tengah kali ini diisi Gilang Angga (sayap kanan), Munadi, Cucu Hidayat, dan Aji Nurpijal (sayap kiri).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ada penyesuaian terjadi di lini depan. Jaya menginstruksikan Atep menjadi pemain yang bertugas sebagai gelandang sekaligus striker ketiga selain Gonzales dan Airlangga. Hasil modifikasi ini tampaknya berhasil memberikan perubahan berarti pada pola permainan yang diperagakan kali ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meskipun masih terlihat agak canggung, Atep cukup berperan dalam pengaturan permainan dan serangan kawan-kawannya. Meski demikian, Jaya menilai pemain yang biasa berperan sebagai gelandang serang ini masih kurang cepat mengambil keputusan kapan harus mengirim bola ke depan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Karena masih belum terbiasa, ia masih sering menggiring bola sendirian hingga ke depan. Hasilnya, pergerakannya telanjur ditutup lawan yang sudah bisa membaca. Padahal harusnya ia langsung mengirim bola ke Gonzales atau Airlangga yang bebas tak terjaga pemain belakang lawan," tutur Jaya panjang lebar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Atep mengaku masih grogi mengisi posisi ini. Namun, kerja sama yang kompak antarpemain sanggup menutupi kekurangan pergerakan yang dibuatnya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sementara itu, Asisten Pelatih Yusuf Bachtiar juga menilai pemain sudah memperlihatkan banyak kemajuan. Utamanya dalam hal pergerakan dan pergeseran antarpemain. Jika pada pertandingan melawan Deltras pemain terlalu bermain terbuka, kali ini pemain sudah cukup rapat menjaga lawan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Mungkin karena dua kali uji coba di Bandung kita hanya menghadapi tim lemah, jadinya saat melawan Deltras pun terbawa permainan yang terlalu terbuka," kata Yusuf.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Oleh karena itu, uji coba di turnamen ini dinilainya bisa menjadi ladang pelajaran berharga yang bisa banyak dipetik. Dengan berlaga di turnamen ini, pemain jadi bisa tahu bagaimana situasi bertanding sebagai tamu yang pasti akan lebih dulu ngotot untuk menyerang. Selain itu, mental pemain pun makin diuji di tengah atmosfer pertandingan di kandang lawan, berikut tekanan yang datang dari suporter dan wasit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terlepas dari kemajuan yang berhasil dicapai pemain Persib, Yusuf mencatat masih ada hal yang harus diperbaiki. Di antaranya masalah transisi dari tidak memegang bola ke saat setelah menguasai bola. "Pemain masih kaget saat sudah memegang bola. Jadinya kadang terlalu cepat mengumpan sebelum rekannya siap menyambut atau justru terlalu lama memainkan bola hingga akhirnya terbaca lawan dan dengan mudah saja direbut," ucap Yusuf.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Semua kekurangan tersebut akan terus diperbaiki sehingga saat berlaga di babak "Delapan Besar", kesalahan-kesalahan demikian tidak perlu terulang lagi. Di babak "Delapan Besar" nanti, Persib akan berada satu grup dengan Persela Lamongan, PSBI Blitar, dan Persema Malang. Pertandingan rencananya digelar di Lamongan pada 1-3 Oktober mendatang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1145412840164320982-1709295630019360014?l=wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/feeds/1709295630019360014/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/persib.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/1709295630019360014'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1145412840164320982/posts/default/1709295630019360014'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://wisnunugroho88.blogspot.com/2009/09/persib.html' title=''/><author><name>wisnu</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13948824094741005945</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
